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Copyright, 1904, 

DY 

THE OFFICIAL GUIDE COMPANY 
St. Louis, Mo. 

all rights reserved 



World's Fair 
Authentic Guide 



COMPLETE REFERENCE BOOK 

TO 

ST. LOUIS AND THE LOUISIANA 
PURCHASE EXPOSITION 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE LOUISIANA PUR- 
CHASE AND ITS CELEBRATION, AND THE 
LEGISLATION RELATING THERETO, 



AND 

AN ACCURATE AND THOROUGH SURVEY OF THE WORLD'S 
FAIR GROUNDS, WITH DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS 
OF ALLTHK EXHIBIT PALACES. FOREIGN 
PAVILIONS. STATE AND TERRITO- 
RIAL BUILDINGS, 



THE OFFICIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EXHIBITS IN ALL DEPARTMENTS, 

AND SOME OF THE LEADING AND. MOST 

NOTABLE DISPLAYS, 

AND ALSO 

A SUCCINCT HISTORY OF THE CITY OF ST. LOUIS, 

ITS COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES; POINTS 

OF INTEREST, LEADING HOTELS, PLACES 

OF AMUSEMENT, ETC., ETC. 

HANDSOMELY ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS HALF-TONES 

AND IN ADDITION AUTHENTIC GROUND-PLAN 

OF THE EXPOSITION AND MAP 

OF THE CITY. 



COMPILED AND ISSUED BY 

THE OFFICIAL GUIDE COMPANY 

ST. LOUIS, MO. 



LI BRVRY'of' CONGRESS 
Two Ooples Received 

MAY 23 1904 

Cooyrlffht Entry 

CLASyc/ XXo. No. 

COPY B 




DAVID R. FRANCIS, 
President of the Exposition Company. 



*r 



INTRODUCTORY. 



In presenting the Authentic Guide to the public, assurance 
is given that accuracy and reliability have been the two objects 
constantly kept in view in its preparation. It is believed that the 
Authentic Guide will prove the most satisfactory medium 
whereby visitors may quickly grasp the scope of the wonderful 
exhibition of human progress unfolded at the World's Fair grounds, 
and that the work will be indispensable alike to those who intend 
to make an exhaustive study of the aggregated marvels now shown 
and to such as wish to take only a casual survey of them. 

In describing the great fundamental aspects of the Fair, its 
underlying purposes and ultimate aims, the complex of palaces and 
buildings, ornamental features, and the myriad details that enter 
into the World's Fair "picture," recourse has been had to the 
latest official information, all data of this kind having been secured 
from official sources. In this and all other respects the Authentic 
Guide is what its title indicates, and accordingly it is offered in the 
confident expectation that its absolute trustworthiness will be 
verified by the test of actual experience. 

Care has been taken to place such matter in the possession of 
the reader as will enable him to economize both his time and his 
money, and the suggested itineraries contained in the book will be 
found useful for both purposes. The maps accompanying the 
volume are the latest obtainable, are up-to-date and strictly correct, 
and all the illustrations are from photographs made expressly for 
this edition. The information supplied about the city of St. Louis 
is thorough and comprehensive, and will, it is hoped, enable all 
readers of the Authentic Guide to visit the Exposition with the 
least possible amount of annoyance and the greatest obtainable 
volume of pleasure. 

OFFICIAL GUIDE COMPANY. 



5 — 




LOUISIANA PURCHASE MONUMENT- 



STORY OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. 



The purpose of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition is to 
commemorate the greatest real estate transaction history 
records. The Louisiana Purchase remade the map of the 
world. The treaty by which the United States of America 
acquired the Territory of Louisiana was dated April 30, 1803. By 
that treaty 1,171,931 square miles were added to the United States, 
more than 300 square miles greater than the domain of the nation 
was at that time. Twelve states and two territories have since 
been carved from that purchase. These are: Louisiana, Arkansas, 
Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Neb- 
raska, Kansas, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and Oklahoma and 
the Indian Territory. The population of that vast area is now 
over 20,000,000, or about one-fourth of the entire population of the 
United States. 

Louisiana Territory. 

In 1G82 La Salle named all that region west of the Mississippi 
River Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV. of France. Not for a 
hundred years had anybody any idea of the vast extent of this 
region. Louisiana Territory was claimed by the French until 1702, 
when it was transferred to Spain to repay that country for the 
losses suffered in the French and Indian War. The people of the 
territory, with New Orleans as a center, did not like the transfer, 
and it was not until 1709 that Spain actually took possession. The 
French people, however, cherished the hope of regaining the vast 
territory, and subsequent developments show that possession did 
pass to France by the secret treaty of St. Ildefonso. This was one 
of the great Napoleon's accomplishments. He kept the matter 
secret, however, for fear that England would prevent French 
occupation. He could not send troops to America because all his 
available soldiers were engaged with the rebellion in St. Domingo. 

Rufus King, United States Minister in London, sent to Presi- 
dent Jefferson in November, 1801, proof that Louisiana Territory 
had passed into French possession, and the President commis- 
sioned Robert R. Livingston, specially charged to watch the situa- 
tion and developments. In December, 1801, Mr. Livingston 
reached Paris, and for a year was busy with fruitless efforts to 
discover the exact facts and to make some terms with France. 
Meantime excitement was running high on this side the water and 
the situation was critical. Free navigation of the Mississippi was 
threatened and the inhabitants of the river region looked to the 
United States naturally for protection. Stories were afloat that 
Napoleon intended to send a great army into this country, and 
these stories took wide range and became more and more sensational 
as time passed. Subsequent history, however, showed that Napo- 
leon was seriously considering all the time the advances made by 
the United States. It seems that Napoleon's chief actuating cause 
was fear of England. President Jefferson had made it to be 
clearly understood that if French troops occupied Louisiana, the 
United States would form an alliance with England. 

Monroe's Mission. 

James Monroe was appointed special Minister to France in 
January, 1803. Meantime, Charles Pinckney, United States 



Minister at Madrid, had been lending all possible assistance to 
Livingston. Monroe's instructions were to help Livingston and 
Pinckney to secure, more effectively,, the rights of the people of 
the United States in the Mississippi River and the Louisiana 
Territory. President Jefferson contemplated at that time getting 
only New Orleans and the Floridas. Monroe was instructed that 
he might pay not to exceed $10,000,000 for these possessions. 
Under these instructions Monroe sailed in March, 1803, and reached 
Paris on April 7, where he found practically clear sailing owing to 
the work already done by Livingston and Pinckney. Napoleon 
was ready to sell the entire Territory of Louisiana, and there 
remained only a little detail to be disposed of as to terms. It was 
discovered that the Floridas did not belong to France. Monroe 
was presented to Napoleon on April 16, 1803, and direct negotiations 
were immediately opened. American citizens held claims against 
France amounting to $3,750,000. It was agreed that the United 
States should assume these claims and pay in addition $11,250,000, 
making actual price paid for the entire Louisiana Territory $15,- 
000,000. This treaty was completed on May 2 and signed. Copies 
were made in English on May 8 or 9, and it was finally agreed that 
the actual date of the treaty should be fixed as April 30, 1803. The 
United States Senate ratified the treaty on October 19, 1803, and 
ratifications of the two countries were exchanged on October 21, 
1803. 

Signed by Jefferson. 

The document was signed by Jefferson November 10, and on 
December 20, 1803, the Spanish Governor surrendered the Prov- 
ince to a commissioner appointed by Napoleon, who immediately 
transferred the territory to the United States. It is this great 
historical event that the great Louisiana Purchase Exposition com- 
memorates. The original date for opening the Exposition was set 
for April 30, 1903. The Exposition was dedicated on that day, but 
it was found desirable to postpone the actual opening of the great 
Fair for a year, or until April 30, 1904. 



HISTORY OF THE CELEBRATION. 



The Exposition arose from a popular demand for a public 
celebration of the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory by the 
United States Government. It was first broached by certain gentle- 
men interested in the Purchase purely as an historical event, and 
the first suggestion was for a public monument to mark the fact. 
But public spirit in St. Louis seized upon the idea and evolved the 
Exposition. First a congress was called by the Governor of Mis- 
souri, and representatives from the fourteen states and territories 
which were carved out of the Purchase met in St. Louis in January, 
1899. This convention formally launched the plan for a Universal 
Exposition, and called upon the United States Government for 
indorsement. An executive committee headed by D. R. Francis 
was appointed to take charge of the plans, and a committee of 200 
citizens of St. Louis was summoned to assist. 

Incorporation. 

The incorporation of the Exposition by act of legislature 
followed in April, and at a mass-meeting in Music Hall the capital- 
ization of $5,000,000 was practically subscribed. Subsequently the 
city of St. Louis voted almost unanimously to issue bonds to 
the amount of $5,000,000, and the state of Missouri appropriated 

— 8 — 



$1,000,000 for exhibit purposes. The United States Government, 
on March 4, 1901, appropriated $5,000,000 to the Exposition, to be 
used in constructive woi k alter the first $10,000,000 had been 
properly disbursed. Additional appropriations of nearly $1,500,000 
followed from the United States 1 reasurv for Government build- 
ings and cost of installing Federal exhibits therein, and later a loan 
of $4,000,000 was made by Congress, to be repaid out of the gate 
receipts. This vast sum of money was further increased by appro- 
priations of foreign and state governments for buildings and 
exhibits. Private appropriations swell the entire output of money 
for exposition purposes to $50,000,000, the largest sum ever ex- 
pended for such a work in this or any other country. 

Organization Perfected. 

With this money assured, the corporation developed the 
Exposition. Organization was perfected on patriotic lines and a 
site chosen. Architects of international reputation were enlisted 
as a board of architects and the Exposition was laid out. Prepa- 
rations for building began and ground was broken on December 20, 
1901. As the work grew, the magnitude of the Exposition increased 
and it became advisable to postpone the opening for a year. This 
Congress approved of by formal act, but the Exposition was cere- 
moniously opened as planned on April 30, 1903. 

McKinley's Proclamation. 

The same energy was manifest in the work of exploitation. 
The general interest in the city and state in the great event to be 
celebrated gave the first impetus. The proclamation of President 
McKinley, issued in accordance with the act of Congress, com- 
manded the attention of the world, but it remained for the spec- 
tacular trip of President Francis to the European courts in 1903 to 
start a remarkable movement of indorsement that resulted in the 
incorporation of practically every important nation of the earth in 
the Exposition. Nearly every state and territory in the United 
States made appropriations for buildings and exhibits. The insular 
possessions of America, notably the Philippines, responded also 
in a generous spirit. Altogether, a Universal Exposition has devel- 
oped far beyond the original plans, and the largest, most compre- 
hensive and grandest display of architectural, sculptural and land- 
scape effects has been prepared to meet the visiting throngs, while 
the exhibits surpass in magnificence, magnitude and variety any- 
thing ever before assembled at an international exposition. 



COST OF THE EXPOSITION. 



The St. Louis Exposition cost $50,000,000 when all sources of 
expenditure are. .considered up to the moment of opening. The 
original subscription bv citizens was $5,000,000; citv of St. Louis, 
$5,000,000; United States Government, $6,400,000; "United States 
Congressional loan, $4,600,000; state of Missouri, $1,000,000; other 
domestic states and territories, $0,000,000; concessions. $6,000,000; 
foreign governments, $5,000,000; Philippine Islands, $1,000,000; esti- 
mated worth of individual exhibits, $11,000,000. The St. Louis Ex- 
position covers 1,240 acres, 250 acres being under cover. The Chi- 
cago Columbian Exposition of 1893 comprised 633 acres, 200 under 
cover; Paris, 1900, covered 330 acres, 125 being under roof. The 
famous Centennial of 1870 at Philadelphia was but 230 acres, and 
of this 50 acres were under cover. 

-10- 




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HOW TO START RIGHT. 



The first duty of the World's Fair visitor to himself is to be 
thoroughly informed. With the right kind of information drawn 
from authentic sources, he is both forewarned and forearmed. 

As a first suggestion, do not hesitate to ask questions. It is 
the purpose of the officials and all connected with the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition to furnish the largest possible amount of 
entertainment, and to permit the largest possible degree of liberty 
consistent with the general comfort and convenience of the multi- 
tude that will be upon the grounds. Visitors will find Guides and 
Guards at every point within the grounds. Every employee of 
the Exposition is under instructions to give all possible informa- 
tion and to do all within his power to serve the public. Means 
of transportation through and about the grounds at reasonable 
cost will be found abundant. At the same time the visitor must 
bear in mind that he owes a duty and is under obligation to all 
other visitors. It is one of the duties of the Jefferson Guards, 
the semi-military organization within the grounds, to prevent 
unnecessary blockades, to keep people moving, to enforce all the 
simple rules that have been adopted by the Exposition Manage- 
ment for the good of the public. Requests from these Guards 
should always be accepted in the spirit in which they are made. 
Good-nature and good-will go a long ways towards making the 
visitors' stay at the World's Fair thoroughly enjoyable. 

In this connection careful study of the Authentic Guide is 
requested. The hints and information found in its pages will 
prove most valuable as savers of money and time, and will save 
much useless questioning and aimless wandering about. 

WHAT TO DO. 



Select definitely the date of your visit and decide as nearly as 
possible on the time you will spend at the Fair; then select a hotel 
from the list printed in the Authentic Guide, and write imme- 
diately to secure quarters. Remember, hotel men can not reserve 
rooms on a simple request unaccompanied by any assurance that 
they will be paid for. Send money with your request. 

Rooms. 

If in a hurry, wire for rooms; then follow your telegram imme- 
diately with a letter and enclosure. If undecided as to hotel, write 
to the World's Fair Bureau of Information or to the Information 
Bureau of the Interstate Merchants' Association. Letter to either, 
addressed St. Louis, will be delivered. State concisely what you 
want, price you can pay, and location desired, if possible. This 
advance action will save money and worry. 

It is desirable to secure rooms without meals, as there are 
facilities on the grounds for feeding more than 10(3,000 people a 
day. Few persons want to leave the grounds or return to their 
hotels for meals unnecessarily when they can secure the same at 
all hours, ranging in prices to suit the purse. 

Railroad Tickets. 

Use utmost caution in securing or accepting reduced railroad 
rates. City ordinances have been enacted, and the courts have 
been invoked by the railroad companies to restrict ticket-hand- 
ling. Make careful inquiry, through official channels, or of people 
known to be responsible, before buying cheap or special tickets. 

— 12 — 



Baggage and Bus. 

Baggage may be checked to hotels on trains before reaching 
Union Station. Authorized baggage agents are on trains, and 
these wear official badges and uniforms. Seats or cabs for the trip 
from Union Station to hotels or elsewhere may be secured from 
these agents on the train at rates fixed by law. 

Street Cars. 

If not disposed to take a cab or carriage, be sure you get the right 
car for your destination. Electric cars pass Union Station, and 
these run directly to practically every important hotel in the city; 
to the principal entrances to the World's Fair; to all public build- 
ings, and by a system of transfers to every section of the city and 
far out into the suburbs. The fare is 5 cents; half fare for chil- 
dren under 12 years of age. 

Cab Rates. 

Cab rates are fixed by law, and public cabmen are required to 
keep this schedule posted in their vehicles. The penalty for viola- 
tion is severe and easily enforced. Do not hesitate to call an officer 
if extortion is attempted. The legal rates will be found elsewhere 
in this book. 

Information. 

If in doubt, ask questions at the Bureau of Information in 
Union Station or of the police officers on duty there. If, after 
boarding a car, you fear you have made a mistake, do not hesitate 
to question the conductor. 

Hotel Prices. 

Be sure you understand what rate you are to pay at your 
hotel. At the down-town hotels accommodations on the European 
plan can be secured for from $2.00 per day up to almost any price. 
Practically the same rates maintain at the higher class of hotels in 
the vicinity of the Fair. Cheaper rates may be secured at many 
hotels, as low as $1.00 per day. (See classified list of hotels in this 
book for more detailed information.) 

Register. 

Inside the grounds, plan to do your sightseeing systematically. 
In this you will find the Authentic Guide of great value. 
After getting a general view of the Exposition, take the depart- 
ments or buildings in which you are most interested first, and let 
the others follow in order. It is well to visit your State building, 
if convenient, and register immediately upon entering the grounds. 
Keep informed as to conventions, meetings or other events in 
which you are concerned, and so economize your time that you 
will be in the vicinity of the meeting-place at the appointed hour. 

When tired out with the day's tramping through the buildings 
and grounds, go to your hotel and rest. Sightseeing after weari- 
ness sets in, just to save another price of admission, is poor econ- 
omy and brings no pleasure. 

Admissions. 

Admission to the Exposition, as soon as the machines are com- 
pleted, will be by coin — 50 cents for adults, 25 cents for children 
under 12; no tickets are to be used. The Pike is not a part of the 
Exposition, and admission charges are made there for each of the 
separate features. The gates of the Fair are closed on Sundays, 
but are open daily (holidays included) from 8 a. m. to 11 p. m. 



■14 — 



LOCATION OF THE FAIR. 



The site of the World's Fair includes 1,240 acres on the city's 
western boundary directly w. from the city's center. Half of 
Forest Park was first selected, and then additional ground was 
secured n. and w., some of the former lying outside the city. 
From Union Station and from principal down-town hotels, the dis- 
tance is from 4^ to 5 miles, according to the entrance selected. 
The site is an especially advantageous one from every point of 
consideration, and it may be said that nature designed the ground 
especially for the great Exposition to which it has been devoted. 



HOW TO GET THERE. 



Ample facilities exist for transporting people from all parts of 
the city direct to all entrances to the grounds. 

Railroads. 

A splendid system of trains has been arranged by the Wabash 
Railroad. Special tracks have been laid, on which "shuttle" 
trains will run back and forth from Union Station to the grounds 
every 10 minutes. These trains land passengers at the Lindell or 
Main entrance, at the n. e. corner of the grounds. The system 
has been so perfected as to insure quick handling of a multitude of 
people with perfect safety. The Missouri Pacific and 'Frisco 
roads have terminals on the s. side of the grounds, which they 
reach by a belt road and a special system of tracks. 

Electric Roads. 

All street car lines lead to the Fair grounds, most of them 
direct, and the others by transfer. Every car running to any 
entrance carries a conspicuous sign, "Direct to the World's Fair," 
and also another sign, showing the entrance reached. The fare 
from any point in the city to the grounds, direct or where transfers 
are given, is 5 cents, with half fare for children under 12, and no 
charge for children under 5 years. There are two street car sys- 
tems, the St. Louis Transit Company and the St. Louis and 
Suburban Railway Company (see map of city in back of book). 
Each has its own transfers, which are good, however, only on the 
system issuing them. 

Olive St. Lines. 

The main channel of travel from the center of town is Olive st. 
Three lines of cars traverse this street, and all of them pass by or 
very close to most of the down-town hotels. All these cars are 
conspicuously labeled "Olive." Smaller signs designate the line. 
Cars marked "Through" run directly w. on Olive st. from Broad- 
way to Taylor av., n. to Delmar bl., w. on Delmar to De Baliviere 
av., and s. to the Lindell entrance. "Maryland" cars go w. on 
Olive to Boyle av. (43d st.), s. to Maryland av., w. on Maryland to 
Euclid, n. on Euclid to McPherson, w. to Union bl., s. to De Giver- 
ville av., w. to Lindell entrance. "World's Fair" cars run out 
Olive st. to Walton av., s. to McPherson, w. to Union bl., s. to De 
Giverville av., and reach Lindell entrance. 

Sometimes "Through" cars do not go to' the World's Fair, and 
occasionally cars are run to Delmar race track or Delmar gardens; 
in such cases there is no sign "Direct to the World's Fair." 

All these Olive st. cars return by the same routes. 

— 16 — 




WALTER B. STEVENS. 

Director of Exploitation, 

Secretary of the Exposition Company. 



Washington Av. Lines. 

Second in importance to the Olive st. lines are the lines run- 
ning w. on Washington av. Of these two, Dehnar and Page go 
direct to the Fair grounds entrances. Page av. cars start from the 
Eads Bridge at 3rd st., running w. on Washington av. to Garrison, 
n. to Lucas, w. to Grand, n. to Finney, w. to Taylor, n. to Page, 
\v. to Hamilton, s. to Delmar, w. to Skinker (University bl.), 
thence s. to the Administration entrance. 

Delmar cars start from 3rd st., following the same route as 
Page cars as far as Taylor av., s. on Taylor 1o Delmar, w. to De 
Baliviere, s. to the Lindell entrance. Both these lines return by 
the same routes. 

Other Lines. 

Easton av. cars will run w. on Franklin and Easton av. from 
Broadway to Hamilton, s. on Hamilton and across a special ris, r ht 
of way to The Pike entrance. Until the Pike entrance is completed 
this line will go to Administration entrance. 

Connecting lines on switches permit the transfer of any of 
these cars reaching the northern entrances to any other entrance 
on the same side of the grounds. 

Entrances on the s. side of the grounds are equally easy of 
access by Transit Company lines. These entrances are at the 
State buildings and the Agriculture entrance. The)' are reached 
by Laclede, Market and Taylor av. lines. All cars are conspic- 
uously marked. 

Market st. cars bearing the sign "Market" run from 4th st., 
passing Union Station almost directly w. along Old Manchester 
av. and Chouteau av. to both the southern entrances. 

Laclede cars bearing the sign "Laclede" follow the same 
route as the Market cars to 29th st., thence w. on Laclede to 
Euclid, s. to Chouteau, then across a private right of way to both 
the southern entrances. 

Taylor av. cars marked "Taylor" cross the city from n. to s. 
along Euclid, Taylor and Newstead avs. They tap all of the e. 
and w. lines, and at Chouteau av. take a private right of way 
through Forest Park to both the southern entrances. 

All of these lines return by practically the same routes. 

Suburban System. 

The St. Louis & Suburban electric cars move from the busi- 
ness center of the city w. on Locust st. to 13th st., n. on 13th and 
14th sts. to Wash st., continuing w. via Wash st., Franklin av. and 
Morgan st. to Union bl. by a private right of way and Fairmont 
av., on s. upon Union bl. to Forest Park. Passing under the 
Wabash tracks, they turn w. and follow the n. edge of Forest Park 
to a loop opposite the Lindell entrance of the Fair s. of the 
Wabash Terminal Station. 

There are also other suburban main line cars that pass over 
this same route w. from Union bl. to De Hodiamont, s. over a 
private right of way to the Administration entrance (Skinker 
Road). 

Other Modes of Travel. 

Besides these steam and electric roads, which of course handle 
the bulk of the business, several private corporations have secured 
franchises for automobile lines, tally-ho lines and popular-priced 
cab companies. These all run from the down-town centers by the 
most direct routes and through the most beautiful portions of the 
city to the principal entrances to the grounds. 

-19- 



ENTRANCES TO THE GROUNDS. 



There are 12 gateways to the Exposition, reached by the 
different modes of transportation already described. 

The Main entrance is at the n. e. corner of the grounds on De 
Baliviere av. and Lindell bl., and here the majority of the people 
pass. Here the Main Picture of the Exposition presents itself. 
Here are located the terminals of the Wabash Railway and three 
loops of the electric railway system. The Pike is also entered at 
this point. A broad central boulevard reaches from this gateway 
direct to the Cascades and Grand Basin. Facing this entrance is 
Festival Hall. At one end of the plaza, fronting the Grand Basin, 
is the Louisiana Monument. 

Parade entrance is a short distance s. of the Main gateway. 
This is approached through Forest Park and is used by the auto- 
mobile and tally-ho lines. All pageants and processions enter by 
this gateway. 

A little farther s., on the eastern border of the grounds, is the 
Government Building entrance, which is reached only by vehicles 
or on foot. This entrance is directly at the Government building 
and is convenient to many of the State buildings. Still farther s., 
at the s. e. corner of the grounds, is the State Buildings entrance, 
and from it a few steps will take the visitor into the center of the 
Plateau of States. 

W. of the State Buildings entrance, on the s. line of the Park, 
is the Cheltenham entrance, located at Tamm av. 

A little farther w. is the South Railroad entrance, where the 
Missouri Pacific and Frisco roads have their terminals. Still 
farther w. is the Agricultural entrance, located at Oakland av. and 
Skinker Road (University bl.). This is the most convenient gate 
to the Live Stock, Horticulture and Agriculture exhibits. It is 
also convenient to the Philippines. 

There are two county entrances. One of these is located close 
to the arena where the Olympic Games will be seen. The second 
is but a little s. of it. Both of these are vehicle entrances and are 
convenient to all the outdoor exhibits. 

Convention entrance is on the n. line of the grounds, a short 
distance from the western border. It is especiallv intended for 
entrance to the Hall of Congresses and the Convention Hall. 

Administration entrance is at Skinker Road (University bl.), 
and furnishes access to the group of Administration buildings, to 
the pavilions of the various foreign nations and from it the western 
end of The Pike may be entered. 

Pike entrance is located on the northern border about midway 
between Administration entrance and Lindell entrance. 

HOW TO SEE THE FAIR. 



The visitor to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition finds every 
facility provided for his comfort and pleasure. Having secured 
quarters at a hotel, he rides to the grounds by any one of the 
routes already described. The trip can be made from down town 
in from 30 to 45 minutes. For the first visit to the grounds, it is 
best to select the Main entrance at Lindell and De Baliviere avs. 
Once inside this great gateway, one is confronted by a picture 
that the eye can not instantly take in nor the senses fully grasp. 
Nothing as big, nothing as beautiful, has ever before been attempted 
by man. The great buildings on even r hand overpower one with 
their size and magnificence. 

— 20- 



Main Picture. 

Immediately in front of the visitor at the Main entrance, 
spreads out a beautiful carpet of green, with the pavilions at one 
end and the Grand Monument of Louisiana at the other. Directly 
in front, in the distance, are the wonderful Basin and Cascades, 
Festival Hall and the Terrace of States, forming a fitting keystone 
to the arch of beauty. There are eight great exhibit buildings 
in the Main Picture. It will be seen that they spread out in fan- 
like form with the Terrace of States and the Fine Arts building as 
the handle. Between these buildings lies the splendid system of 
waterways, spanned at a dozen places with graceful bridges and gay 
with gondoliers and boatmen. Between the Liberal Arts and Mines 
and Metallurgy buildings is the Sunken Garden. Between Machin- 
ery and Transportation buildings is a great garden of brightest 
green. Far over to the s. e., on an elevated plateau, is the Govern- 
ment building, s. of which is the Plateau of States dotted thickly 
with splendid structures, typifying the greatness and progress of 
the various commonwealths and symbolical of the history and 
development of each. W. of the Fine Arts building is located the 
representation of Jerusalem. A little farther w., and in close 
proximity, Japan and Morocco are located. 

Foreign Buildings. 

The Foreign buildings are mostly w. of the Main Picture, just 
across Skinker Road (University bl.). The Administration build- 
ings, in which the business of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
is transacted, lie a little w. of a portion of these foreign exhibits, 
on a hill that affords a complete view of almost the entire Expo- 
sition. The various divisions, boards, committees and the Board of 
Lady Managers have their official headquarters here. W. of these 
are the Physical Culture arena, the great greenhouses, the plant 
exhibits and nursery. The United States Life Saving exhibit, the 
Forestry, Fish and Game exhibits are also located in this vicinity. 
S. of these and just w. of Skinker Road (University bl.) are the Agri- 
culture and Horticulture buildings, the Live Stock exhibits, 
Camping grounds, the great Philippines quarter and other outdoor 
features of the Exposition. 

Best Point of View. 

Possibly the best point from which to take the first general 
look at the great picture is from the Washington State building. 
This building occupies a central site on the elevated Plateau of 
States and is 100 feet high. On top will be found an observation 
station from which almost every building and every interesting 
feature contained within the 1,240 acres comprised by the site, is 
discernible. 

There are other points of vantage from which a closer and 
more detailed observation of special features may be taken. From 
the steps of the Administration building, the eye takes in what 
may be called the World's Fair's principal avenue. The view is e. 
on Lindell bl. 

Other Observation Points. 

Other good points of observation are at the Palace of Agri- 
culture, the steps of the Government building, the German Pavilion 
and the Missouri State building. 

The most interesting view next to that to be obtained from the 
roof of the State of Washington building, may be had from the 
steps leading to Festival Hall. This is situated almost in the 
center of the Main Picture; looking due n. from Festival Hall, one 

— 22 — 



sees the Cascades; then the Grand Basin; a little beyond are the 
waterways; to the w. appears Jerusalem. Looking e., the sightseer 
gets another pretty view of the waterways and two of the largest 
buildings — Mines and Metallurgy, and Education and Social 
Economy. 

Intramural Rail-way. 

After this survey of the Exposition from various points of 
vantage, a ride on the Intramural Railway will 1 5.^.^.1 -delightful. 
This is a double-track electric road completely surrounding the 
Exposition grounds, with stopping-points convenient to the great 
buildings and other features. It is operated by overhead trolley 
and runs at a speed that makes the trip around the grounds an 
exceedingly pleasant one. The two terminals of this road are at the 
Main entrance to the grounds: Station No. 1 is w. of the entrance 
and the tracks skirt the grounds in a tortuous course so as to reach 
conveniently in succession the Administration entrance, the Con- 
vention entrance, the Aeronautic course, the Athletic and Physical 
Culture fields, the County entrance, close to the Philippine quarters, 
and several other points in the grounds w. of Skinker Road (Uni- 
versity bl.). The tracks strike Skinker Road (Administration bl.) 
at the Life Saving exhibit and run s. to the Live Stock exhibit. 
Thence they wind northward and eastward through the southern 
portion of the grounds, skirting the forest s. of the Fine Arts build- 
ing, touching the southern limits at the Cheltenham entrance. 
From this point the road skirts the grounds just inside the bound- 
aries, passing the Inside Inn, the edge of the Plateau of States, 
and continues northward past the Government building to the e. 
side of the Main entrance where Terminal Station No. 17 is located. 
The distance is 7 miles and it requires about 42 minutes to make 
the trip. Fare 10 cents for the trip each way or between stations. 

DAILY ITINERARIES. 



Visitors of limited stay at St. Louis may see the Exposition 
within any reasonable limit by a careful planning of time. The 
Exposition gates open at 8 a. m. and remain open until 11 p. m., 
when the lights are out. The exhibit buildings are open from 9 
a. m. to 6 p. m. Restaurants are so well scattered throughout the 
grounds that one may get luncheon and dinner almost anywhere 
without great loss of time. 

A Two-Days' Stay. 

This schedule is suggested for a two-days' stay: Hast} - views 
of the large exhibit buildings can be secured by apportioning the 
time of midday and afternoon so as to include them all and devot- 
ing the early morning and evening hours to the views out of doors. 
The Intramural Railway affords quick means of transit in travers- 
ing the grounds, and much may be seen in passing, trom the 
windows of the car. A tour of the Model Street and Government 
Terrace can be made in an hour; an hour can be spent in the 
Government building; Plateau of States, one hour; Art Gallery, 
two hours; Colonnade of States, Festival Hall and Cascades, one 
hour; Electricity and Machinery buildings, two hours; Agriculture 
and Horticulture buildings and Agriculture Hill, two hours; 
Foreign section, one hour; observation of Electric Illumination, 
one hour; tour of The Pike, three hours, ending a first day's rapid 
tour. For the second day, an early morning visit can be paid to the 
Gulch, where the outdoor mining exhibits are shown. Following 
this, an hour may be spent in each of the great exhibit palaces — 

— 24 — 



Mines and Metallurgy, Education, Liberal Arts, Manufactures and 
Varied Industries, Transportation, Administration group, Forestry, 
Fish and Game, Philippine exhibit, Physical Culture, etc., and 
a final evening in the amusement features on the Hill s. of the 
Machinery building. 

Four-Days' Trip. 

First Day— Inspection of grounds from high points; tour of the 
grounds on the Intramural Railway, afoot, or in a roller chair; 




"DE SOTO." (Plaza of St. Louis.) 
By E. C. Potter. 



inspection of statuary, Cascades, gardens, Fine Art Hall, State and 
Foreign buildings, The Pike and electrical effects on the urand 
Plaza. 

Second Day— United States exhibits, including Fisheries and 
Marine Corps drill; the Gulch, Mines and Metallurgy, Manufac- 
tures, Jerusalem, evening trip on the Lagoons. 

Third Day — Education, Liberal Arts, Varied Industries, 
Electricity, the Philippines. 

— 25 — 



Fourth Day — Machinery, Transportation, Physical Culture, 
Ethnology, Agriculture, Horticulture. 

On a schedule of this kind much must necessarily be left 
unseen, and nothing more than a mere cursory glance can be given 
to anything. It would, in fact, be a mere stroll through the 
Exposition. 

Six-Day Visit. 

First Day — Inspection of grounds in morning; Government 
building and exhibits in afternoon; Electric Illumination and The 
Pike in evening. 

Second Day — Art Hall and Fine Art exhibits, morning; Plateau 
of States, Foreign buildings, Jerusalem, afternoon; the Lagoons and 
The Pike, evening. 

Third Day— The Gulch, Mines and Metallurgy, morning; 
Education, Model City, Liberal Arts, afternoon; Grand Plaza, 
night. 

Fourth Day — Manufactures, morning; Electricity and Physical 
Culture, afternoon; The Pike or Summer Garden, evening. 

Fifth Day — Varied Industries, Live Stock, Horticulture, morn- 
ing; Agriculture, Philippines, Ethnology and Anthropology, after- 
noon; The Pike, evening. 

Sixth Day — Machinery, Forestry, Fish and Game, outdoor 
plant exhibits, morning; Transportation, United States Life Saving 
exhibit, The Pike, afternoon and evening. 

If time permits, there can be an inspection of the city of St. 
Louis, a tour of the street car routes, a visit to Eads Bridge and 
the Mississippi River, including a trip to the United States gunboat 
and torpedo boat if still in the harbor, a visit to Jefferson Bar- 
racks, etc. 

Ten Days at the Fair. 

Ten days at the Exposition afford a much more liberal and 
satisfactory use of time in each of the exhibit buildings, and also 
in the city of St. Louis. Topics to which an entire day may be 
profitably devoted are as follows: 

First Day — Architecture, sculpture and landscape effects. 

Second Day — Art Hall, Festival Hall, Colonnade of States and 
Cascades. 

Third Day — Education, Social Economy, Model Street and 
Physical Culture. 

Fourth Day — Agriculture, Horticulture, Plant Culture, Live 
Stock and Forestry, Fish and Game. 

Fifth Day — Anthropology and Ethnology, including the Philip- 
pine Islanders. 

Sixth Day — Foreign pavilions and their furnishings, State 
buildings, Manufactures. 

Seventh Day — Varied Industries and Liberal Arts. 

Eighth Day — Transportation, Machinery, Power plant and 
Electricity. 

Ninth Day — Mines and Metallurgy and the mining exhibits in 
the Gulch. 

Tenth Day — City of St. Louis, trip on the river, Jefferson 
Barracks, etc. 

Due allowance must be made daily for events in the Stadium, 
for military drills, encampments, state and foreign receptions, etc., 
in which the visitor may be interested. There are conventions, 
congresses, reunions and celebrations nearlv everv day of the 
entire World's Fair period. (See lists elsewhere in this book.) 



PLAN OF GROUNDS. 



By far the most beautiful and impressive exhibit of the Louisi- 
ana Purchase Exposition is the picture that greets the visitor as 
he enters the Plaza of Saint Louis, and before he has considered 
the contents of any of the great exhibit palaces. The architectural 
and decorative features, that lead up to and culminate in the Cas- 
cade Gardens, constitute the most essential part of the Exposition, 
for without these there could be no Exposition. 

The grounds, laid out along lines that radiate from Art Hill as 
a focal point, are designed as a setting for the eight enormous 
palaces, and at the same time the elements of restf ulness and beauty 
have ever been kept in mind. Everywhere between the massive 
ivory-colored buildings there are wide expanses of cool green sward 
and glittering sheets of water. The treatment of the water areas 
is especially worthy of notice. In no instance does the canal or 
lagoon suggest a break in the landscape. The level of the water is 
kept as near that of the land as possible, and where it is neces- 
sarily a few feet lower, there are gently sloping banks covered with 
green turf, so that the effect of the lagoon is not that of a "hole in 
the earth," but merely a change in the color and texture of the 
ground. 

The Landings. 

At the most available places, broad landings are located, lead- 
ing down to the water's edge by monumental steps that give easy 
access to gondolas and boats. These landings are marked by dec- 
orative shafts surrounded by electric lights and enriched by Louis 
XVI. ornament. The round shafts, showing white against the fresh 
green of the sward banks, serve as a delightful echo of the dom- 
inant architectural chord in the landscape. The largest and most 
important of the landings is directly opposite the Main Cascade 
and in front of the Louisiana Purchase Monument. It is a great 
segment of a circle, and the outline is broken by four massive pedes- 
tals that give support to some of the most striking and interesting 
sculpture in the grounds. These groups are the work of Mr. Solon 
H. Broglum, the eminent New York sculptor, and in their portrayal 
of pioneer life in the great new West there is an earnestness, a 
tragic note of strength that compels attention. The tired cow-boy, 
at rest beside his drowsy pony, is contrasted with the victim of a 
western blizzard, vainly seeking shelter behind his jaded horse. 
The more complicated groups, "A Step to Civilization" and "The 
Buffalo Dance," are Indian interpretations. Here, as indeed 
everywhere in the grounds, a sense of imposing grandeur is felt. 

Sunken Garden. 

At the foot of the hill leading up to the Government Pavilion 
is a charming variation in the prevailing decorative scheme. This 
is a sunken garden that occupies the space between the Palaces of 
Liberal Arts and Mines and Metallurgy. This profusion of floral 
beauty was planned and carried out by Mr. George E. Kessler, the 
well-known landscape architect whose taste and skill have accom- 
plished such wonders in the Exposition grounds. Another delightful 
garden is located between the Palaces of Machinery and Trans- 
portation. This stretch of bloom serves as a setting for two 
architectural pedestals crowned by two of the most original 
sculptural conceptions ever produced. These groups, that typify 
"The Mountain" and "The Plain," were modeled by that genius of 
both the chisel and the pen, Lorado Taft of Chicago, 

-28 — 



Bandstands. 

The bandstands, of which there are six, are in harmony with 
the general architectural adornment of the Exposition grounds. 
The largest of these, that is 50 feet in diameter, was designed for 
the competitive concerts of the most famous bands in the world. 
The construction is novel and interesting. The projecting roof is 
carried by overhanging brackets that rest on square pilasters, and 
serves as an admirable sounding-board for the mighty volume of 
music. The pilasters arise at regular intervals from an open 
balustrade. The smaller bandstands are similar in construction, 
but are somewhat simpler, in harmony with their smaller pro- 
portions. 

Portrait Statues. 

The portrait statues of the most eminent men in the sciences 
and arts form another attractive bit of decoration. These figures, 
surmounting massive pedestals, are invariably associated with the 
main entrances of the buildings that give shelter to the exhibits in 
which the distinguished individuals would have been most inter- 
ested had they visited the Exposition in the flesh. They are 
further associated with the lesser architectural features, such as 
bridges and lagoon landings. For instance, the bridge over the 
canal between the main entrances to the Palaces of Manufactures 
and Education is terminated at one end by the statue of Charles 
Goodyear, whose dogged perseverance in the face of the most 
cruel discouragement gave to the world the manifold blessings of 
India rubber, and at the other end by that equally persistent 
devotee of an ideal, Pestalozzi, the first teacher to conceive the 
idea of manual training. 

Equestrian Statues. 

The two figures in the Plaza of Saint Louis, opposite the main 
entrances of the Palaces of Varied Industries and Manufactures, 
are the splendid equestrian statues ot De Soto and Joliet, the 
most daring of explorers in the wilderness that was destined to 
become the Louisiana Purchase Territory. They were modeled 
by M. C. Potter and Phinister A. Proctor. On an elaborate 
architectural pedestal, that should have had for its background a 
glorious closure, stands another equestrian statue, that of Saint 
Louis, otherwise known as Louis IX., King of France. At its foot 
is the matron St. Louis, bidding the world welcome to her feast 
of art and beauty. In her hands she holds a scroll bearing the 
legend, "Nothing Impossible." This beautiful and impressive 
group was the work of Mr. C. M. Niehaus of New York. 

Bridges. 

Among the many decorative features of the Exposition grounds, 
none are more beautiful or important than the bridges that span 
the lagoon at twelve points. The watercourse has a width of 7f> 
feet, and the bridges are all in the form of a gently inclined arch, 
decorated at the sides with rows of shells and ribbon festoons. 
The open balustrade, the graceful design of which was suggested 
by the curve of gently undulating waves, is terminated at both 
ends by massive pedestals supporting decorative flag-staffs that 
give to the breeze the folds of the Exposition banner. The central 
decoration of the balustrades is a highly ornate shield with rich 
device of flowers and fruit. The approaches to the bridge are 
terminated by vases that will show a constant change of floral 
bloom, as the season advances. 

-30- 



Louisiana Purchase Monument. 

In the center of the main avenue, and indeed the center of the 
grounds, stands the Louisiana Purchase Monument, a magnificent 
shaft 100 feet high that seems to epitomize, in its majestic propor- 
tions and rich adornment, the architectural splendor of the whole 
Exposition. On its pinnacle rests the globe of the earth, dominated 
by Mr. Carl Bitter's colossal statue of "Peace." 

The n. and s. facades of the monument are enriched by two 
decorative obelisks, surmounted by American eagles. These 
obelisks bear the significant passages from the Louisiana Pur- 
chase treaty: — 

"The treaty we have signed has not been brought about by 
finesse nor dictated by force. Equally advantageous to both the 
contracting parties, it will change vast solitudes into flourishing 
country," and 

"The instrument we have signed will prepare centuries of 
happiness for innumerable generations of the human race. The 
Mississippi and the Missouri will see them prosper in the midst of 
equality under just laws." 

The group of sculpture on the side that faces the Grand Basin 
is composed of portrait statues of the French and American com- 
missioners in the act of signing the treaty that, next to the Decla- 
ration of Independence, was the most important document in early 
American history. This group may truly be said to be Mr. Bitter's 
masterpiece. On the reverse side of the shaft is the speaker's 
stand, from which many noted American and foreign orators are 
to address the visitors during the Exposition. The decoration of 
the e. and w. facades is both interesting and significant. It con- 
sists of the prows of boats, that support the sculptor's conception 
of the spirits that dominate the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, 
the rivers that have been of such vital importance to the develop- 
ment of the territory acquired from France in 1803. These water 
deities are portrayed as graceful female figures, and reveal Mr. 
Bitter's characteristic vigor of modeling. 

Against the base of the shaft, behind the figures of the Missis- 
sippi and Missouri, are elliptical medallions crowned by geniuses 
that seem to tell to the world the story of victories won, not by the 
bloody tactics of war, but by the more benignant arts of peace. 
This is the Peace Monument, a lasting tribute not only to its 
creators, Mr. Masqueray and Mr. Bitter, but to the civilization of 
the Louisiana Purchase Territory of which it is a glorious expres- 
sion. 

CASCADE GARDENS AND CASCADES. 



The crowning feature of the decorative scheme that has been 
employed to embellish the Exposition grounds is the marvelous 
architectural composition known as the Cascade Gardens. A 
natural ridge, 65 feet in elevation, suggested this most unique and 
superb variation in Exposition adornment. It is in reality a great 
terrace, that is joined to the side avenues of the Exposition by 
broad stairways and beautiful approaches adorned with statuary 
and flowers. 

At each end of the terrace is a highly decorative pavilion, set 
in the axis of the lateral avenue. These pavilions are of the most 
ingenious construction. They are three stories in height, and, in 
addition to the restaurant dining-rooms on the first floor, are fitted 
with rest-rooms which are reached by electric elevators. Indeed, 
all the best modern appliances have been employed in their 
construction. 

— 32 — 



Pavilions. 

The general plan of these interesting pavilions is that of a 
spherical pentagon, the five faces projecting in beautiful curves. 
The colonnade is of the French Ionic order, supporting a richly 
decorated entablature that carries an open balustrade. Between 
these architectural motifs are massive pylons that serve as bases 
for decorative flag-poles. One of the most novel features in the 
construction of these pavilions is that of the balustrade surround- 
ing the terrace, from which rises the drum wall. This in turn 
serves as a base for the dome. This dome is encircled by a richly 
ornamental belt, and the sides are panels of open-work that lend 
lightness and airiness to the general effect. 

Festival Hall. 

In the center of the main court is the superb Festival Hall, 
the exterior of which was designed by Mr. Cass Gilbert of New 
York. It is in the form of a circle with a quadrangular elevation 
at the south. The diameter of the structure is 195 feet, the rec- 
tangular oblong at the rear being 250 feet long and 64 feet wide. 
The total height is 200 feet. The exterior is decorated with a 
beautiful French Ionic order, framing arched windows and sup- 
porting a rich entablature that is crowned by ornamental work. 
The central motif is a large arch decorated with allegorical 
emblems of music. Above this is the sculptural group of Apollo 
and the Muses, an original conception by Philip Martiny, in which 
the maids of Hippocrene are represented as Centaurs. 

Largest Dome. 

The dome rises from a drum wall that is pierced by round 
windows, highly ornamented with sculptural figures of geniuses 
and Cupids bearing flowers and musical instruments. The dome 
is decorated with ornamental ribs flanking glass panels. This 
dome is the largest in the world, exceeding in size the domes of 
both St. Peter's and the Pantheon at Rome. The figure that 
crowns the summit of the dome is Miss E. B. Longman's "Vic- 
tory," another original conception. Ever since the glorious Nike, 
now in the Louvre, came into being after the battle of Samothrace, 
the accepted figure of Victory has been that of a woman. Miss 
Longman defies tradition by making her "Victory" in the form of a 
fine young athlete, his toes just touching the earth and his lips 
parted as if in a shout of triumph. 

The interior of Festival Hall was designed by Mr. E. L. 
Masqueray, whose marvelous genius called into being the entire 
conception of the Cascade Gardens. It is a vast auditorium, with 
a seating capacity of 3,500. The architectural composition is made 
up of four enormous arches 64 feet wide, carrying the dome, which 
is open at the top for light and ventilation. This auditorium, that 
is to be the home of music during the entire Fair, was designed 
with reference to the comfort of the audiences who attend the 
midday summer concerts. No matter how warm the day, the 
lovers of music are sure to find a cool retreat on the summit of 
Cascade Hill. 

Mammoth Organ. 

The rear of the stage is occupied by the largest pipe-organ 
ever built. (For description see article on "Notable Features.") 

The wings of the stage contain dressing-rooms on the ground 
floor and offices for the Department of Music on the floor above. 
In the e. wing is the small recital hall, with a seating capacity of 
500, to be used for chamber music, lectures and other functions 
that will attract only a select few. 

— 33 — 




VICTORY." (Main Entrance Manufactures Building.) 
By Michael Tonetti. 




'VICTORY." (On Dome of Festival He 
By Evelyn B. Longman. 



Festival Hall is connected with the two restaurant pavilions 
by an architectural screen that consists of 14 hemicycles, each one 
constituting a little shrine for the colossal impersonation of one of 
the states or territories carved from the Louisiana Purchase Terri- 
tory. The architectural motifs of these hemicycles are pairs of 
Ionic columns, separated by massive pylons, each one supporting 
an enormous American eagle. The entablature is especially beauti- 
ful and effective, following, as it does, the line of the hemicycles 
instead of being one continuous curve. In front of each pylon is a 
highly decorative candelabrum, aglow with electric lights. The 
style of the entire composition is a modern adaptation of the 
French architecture that prevailed during the period of Louis XVI. 

Terrace of States. 

The Terrace of States extends in a curve from e. to w. between 
the PalaCe of Fine Arts and Festival Hall. From the three points 
of eminence, the Hall in the center and the restaurant pavilions at 
the two ends, issue the three gigantic cascades, the largest artifi- 
cial waterfall in the world. The central cascade is crowned by a 
magnificent chateau d'eau, adorned with the splendid sculptural 
decoration by H. A. MacNeil, the glorious Fountain of Liberty. 
The main cascade divides into three streams that tumble down 
the hillside in broad water-leaps, separated from each other by a 
barricade of ornamental vases, sculptured groups and spouting 
water jets. The cascade is 50 feet wide where it issues from its 
source beneath the charming chateau d'eau, and spreads out as it 
leaps down the hill, until it attains a width of K50 feet as it plunges 
into the Grand Basin. The two side cascades, in streams that are 
20 feet wide, issue from splendid fountains, whose sculptured 
ornaments portray the Atlantic in the form of a stalwart male 
figure, the eagle hovering at his feet, and the Pacific in the form 
of a charmingly posed female figure, accompanied by a broad- 
winged albatross. These fountains and all the other sculptural 
groups of the side cascades were the creation of Isidore Konti. 
The side streams, as they leap into the Grand Basin, are 50 feet 
wide. The cascades are flanked by broad stairways of pink con- 
crete that lend a monumental appearance to the entire composition. 
Beneath the cascades are the three pumping stations that send 
90,000 gallons of water a minute over the falls. In the Grand 
Basin, which is semi-circular in shape and 600 feet across, are 
located four groups of water jets, the central jet of each group 
sending its spray to a height of 100 feet. Between the cascades 
are ornamental gardens, laid out in the form of festoons, crescents 
and shields. This and all the other charming landscape archi- 
tecture of the Exposition grounds is the work of Mr. George E. 
Kessler. 

The Grotto. 

Beneath the chateau d'eau is an interesting grotto, vaulted in 
elliptical shape and lighted through three arches that look out 
upon the under side of the cascade. This grotto, especially on 
warm summer days, is the Eden spot of the Exposition. 

At the foot of Cascade Hill, opposite to the bridges leading to 
the Palaces of Education and Electricity, are the statues of Napo- 
leon and Jefferson, the two men who were most intimately con- 
nected with the transfer of the Louisiana Territory. 



- 30 - 



SCULPTURE ON BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 



Manufactures Building. 

Quadriga over main entrances, by Charles Lopez and F. G. R. Roth. 

"Progress of Manufactures," groups on pylons flanking main entrance, by- 
Isidore Konti. 

"Victory," main entrance, by Michael Tonetti. 

"Energy" and "Power," groups flanking e. and w. entrances, by L. O. Lawrie. 

Casque with flags, and female figures with eagle-crowned shields, on roof- 
line, by L. Amateis. 

"Fountain of Neptune" and "Fountain of Venus," flanking n. and s. entrances 
and corner pavilions, by Philip Martiny. 

Spandrels over all doors, by G. T. Brewster. 

Seated figures in main entrance, by Zolnay, Packer and Heber. 

Greek Sphinx on block pedestals in front of colonnade, marking smaller 
entrances, Anonymous. 

Transportation Building. 

Group with shield, in curving entablature over all main entrances, by Pau 

Wiehle. 
"Transportation by Rail" and "Transportation by Boat," seated figures at 

base of corner towers, by George J. Zolnay. 
"Spirit of Transportation," figure for crown pylons, by F. F. Horter. 
Seated figures flanking main entrances, by F. H. Packer and Carl Heber. 
Figure at base of towers, by William Sievers. 

Mines and Metallurgy Building. 

"Coal," "Iron," "Gold," "Copper," above frieze line, on screen wall, four 

figures, by Charles Mulligan. 
Architectural figures between columns, by F. W. Ruckstuhl. 
"Torch-bearer" and attendant figures, and frieze at base of obelisks, by 

Rudolph Schwartz. 
Frieze on screen wall between columns, by Theodore Baur. 

Varied Industries Building. 

Tympanum group, e. pediment, by Clement J. Barnhorn. 

Tympanum group, s. pediment, by Douglas Tilden. 

Torch-bearer, repeated ten times above entablature of swinging colonnade, 
by Bruno L. Zimm. 

Lions, surmounting pylons, s. entrance, by F. W. Ruckstuhl. 

"Industry of Man" and "Industry of Woman," seated figures between col- 
umns e. facade, by Antonin C. Skodik. 

Symbolic groups, e. and w. entrances, by John Flanagan. 

Figures for n. entrance and four figures, w. cornice, by F. W. Ruckstuhl. 

Spandrels, bas-relief, w. entrance, by Peter Rossak. 

Spandrels, bas-relief, corner towers, by William W. Manatt. 

Education Building. 

All statuary by Robert Bringhurst. 
Quadriga over main entrances. 

"Goldenrod," architectural figure, repeated six times over entrance col- 
onnades. 
"Thread of Fate," flanking quadriga. 
"Flight of Time," flanking quadriga. 

"Music," group on block pedestal, right of each main entrance. 
"Manual Training," group on block pedestal, left of each main entrance. 
"Archaeology" and "Music," spandrels in the round, over large doors. 
"Geography" and "History," spandrels in the round, over small doors. 

Machinery Building. 

"Labor and Care," tympanum group, repeated over six entrances, by Fer- 
nando Miranda. 

"Shield Holders," repeated eight times, e. and n. entrances, above cornice, by 
A. A. Weinmann. 

"Atlas with Globe," colossal group, n. facade, by R. H. Perry. 

Spandrels for w. facade, by Anton Schaaf. 

Spandrels, bas-relief, e. and n. facades, by Melva Beatrice Wilson. 

Electricity Building. 

"Light Overcoming Darkness," group crowning pyramidal corner towers, and 
"Wonders of the Lightning" and "Wonders of the Aurora" on corner 
towers, by Bela Pratt. 

"Light," "Heat," "Speed," "Power," four seated figures above pairs of pro- 
jected columns on e. facade, by August Lukemann. 

"Electricity," group over main entrance, by Charles Graffy. 

Liberal Arts Building. 
Quadriga, with two attendant groups, over main entrance, by Charles 
Lopez and F. G. R. Roth. 

-38- 



"Liberty Triumphant," groups flanking pedi 
"Liberty Victorious," quadriga crowning ce: 



"Music" and "Learning," groups flanking main entrance, by George E 

Bissell. 
"Apotheosis of Liberal Arts," groups on end pylons, by H. Linder. 
"Ceramics" and "Invention," figures on four corners of end pylons, by H. P. 

Pedersen. 
"Pottery Decorator," figure over door in end pavilion, by C. Y. Harvey. 
Cupids with shields, above entablature, by Philip Martiny. 
Reclining figures, ends of Triumphal Arch, by Edith B. Stevens. 

United States Government Building. 

All statuary by James F. Early. 
Tympanum in alto-relief Romanesque ornament, for pediment over main 
entrance. 

iment. 
central dome. 
"Liberty," inside building, replica of Liberty on dome of Capitol at Washing- 
ton. 

Portrait Statues. 

'Horace Mann," w. entrance to Education building, by H. K. Bush-Brown. 
'Pestalozzi," n. entrance to Education building, by A. Jaegers. 
'Joseph Henry," e. entrance to Electricity building, by J. Flanagan. 
'Benjamin Franklin," n. entrance to Electricity building, by John Boyle. 
'Charles Goodyear," s. entrance to Manufactures building, by Michael 

Tonetti. 
"Jehan Gobelin," e. entrance to Varied Industries building, by Max Mauch. 
Right approach to Cascades: 

"Rienville" and "M. Lewis," by Charles Lopez. 

"Daniel Boone," by Enid Yandall. 

"G. R. Clark," by Elsie Ward. 

"W. Clark," by F. W. Ruckstuhl. 

"Sieur La Salle," by L. Gudebrod. 

"Pere Marquette," by C. E. Dallin. 

"Thomas Jefferson," by Charles Grafly. 

"Napoleon," by Daniel C. French. 
Left approach to Cascades: 

"Paufilo Narvaez," by H. Adams. 

"James Madison," by Janet Scudder. 

"Robert Livingston," by A. Lukemann. 

"James Monroe," by Julia Bracken. 

"Marbois," by H. Herring. 

"Andrew Jackson," by L. Potter. 

"Philippe Renault," by A. S. Calder. 

"Anthony Wayne," by W. C. Noble. 

"Pierre Laclede," by J. Hartley. 

Festival Hall. 

"Victory," crowning dome, gilded, by Evelyn B. Longman. 

"Music," by August Lukemann, and "Dance," by M. Tonetti, flanking main 

entrance. 
"Apollo and Muses," by Philip Martiny. 
Cartouche, with two figures, above main entrance, by John Pike. 

Main Cascade. 

All sculpture by H. A. McNeil. 
"Fountain of Liberty," chateau d'eau at head of cascade. 
"Girl with Bull," balanced by 
"Indian with Bison" on first cascade leap, 
"Cupid with Dolphin" on successive leaps, 
"Pegasus and Sea Nymphs" on last leap. 

Side Cascades. 

All sculpture by Isidore Konti. 
"Atlantic Ocean," fountain at head of w. cascade. 
"Pacific Ocean," at head of e. cascade. 
"Progress of Navigation," balanced by 
"Progress of Commerce" on first leaps. 
"Boy and Bear Cub," 
"Cupid Holding Fish," 
"Girl with Petrel," 
"Sea Sport," 
"Fisheries," on successive leaps. 

Terrace of States. 

Each figure in its own shrine, the Colonnade being formed of seven hemi- 

cycles on each side of Festival Hall. 

"Missouri," by Sterling A. Calder; "Arkansas," by Albert Jaegers; "Loui- 
siana," by Rudolph Schwartz; "Iowa," by Carl E. Tefft; "Nebraska," by 
F. H. Parker;, "Kansas," by Adolph A. Weinmann; "Oklahoma," by J. S. 

-39- 




'CERAMICS." (Liberal Arts Building.) 
By H. P. Pedersen. 



Conway; "Indian Territory," by C. A. Reber; "Colorado," by August 
Zeller, Jr.; "Minnesota," by Gustav Gerlach; "North Dakota," by Bruno 
F. Zinn; "South Dakota," by L. O. Lawrie; "Montana," by Antonin C. 
Skodik; "Wyoming," by C. F. Hamann. 

Bear for Lampadiere of Colonnade, by F. G. R. Roth. 

"Strength," group surmounting w. terminal pylon, by Vincenzo Alfano. 

Groups at e. end of Colonnade, by Alexander Ruel. 

Fine Arts Building. 

"Inspiration," bronze for pinnacle of pediment, by Andrew O'Connor. 
"Sculpture," beside entrance, marble, by Daniel C. French. 
"Painting," marble, beside entrance, by Louis St. Gaudens. 
"Truth," e. niche of central pavilion, marble, by Charles Grafly. 
"Nature," w. niche, marble, by Philip Martiny. 
"Classic Art," limestone, above porch, by F. E. Elwell. 
"Renaissance Art." limestone, by Carl E. Tefft. 




"APOTHEOSIS OF ST. LOUIS." (Grand Plaza.) 
By C. H. Niehaus. 

"Oriental Art," limestone, by Henry Linder. 

"Egyptian Art," limestone, by Albert Jaegers. 

"Gothic Art," limestone, by Johann Gelert. 

"Modern Art," limestone, by C. F. Hamann. 

Eleven medallions, limestone, by G. T. Brewster. 

Eleven medallions, limestone, by O. Picarilli. 

Two griffins, copper, corner pediment, by Phinister A. Proctor. 

Two centaurs. 

Thirty antique figures for temporary wings. 

Twenty-six antique figures for permanent wings. 

Panels over porch, by H. A. McNeil. 

— 41 — 



STATUARY FOR THE GROUNDS. 

Main Avenue. 

"The Mountain" and "The Plain," by Lorado Taft. 

"Pastoral," by C. A. Heber. 

Indian Fountain group, by A. A. Weinmann. 

West Court. 

'.'Sioux Chief," equestrian, by C. E. Dallin. 

East Court. 
"Cherokee Chief," equestrian, by J. E. Fraser. 
"Cheyenne Chief," by F. Remington. 

Plaza of St. Louis. 

"Apotheosis of St. Louis," by C. H. Niehaus. 
"De Soto," equestrian, by E. C. Potter. 
"Louis Joliet," by A. P. Proctor. 

Louisiana Purchase Monument. 

All figures by Carl Bitter. 
"Peace," on globe surmounting shaft. , 

"Signing of the Treaty," 
"Spirit of the Missouri River" and 
"Spirit of the Mississippi River," at base. 

Main Launch Landing. 

Four groups by Solon Broglum. 
"Buffalo Dance." 
"A Step to Civilization." 
"Cowboy at Rest." 
"Peril of the Plains." 

E. Launch Landing. 

"Combat of Grizzly Bears" and "Combat of Sea Lions," by F. G. R. Roth. 

W. Launch Landing. 
"Combat Between Bull and Cougar" and "Cougar Attacking Dying Cow," by 
E. C. Potter. 

ELECTRICAL ILLUMINATION. 



The electrical illumination of the Exposition was installed by 
Henry Rustin, late chief engineer of the Mechanical and Electrical 
Department of the Division of Works, and is the result of experi- 
ence in lighting the grounds and buildings of the Pan-American 
Exposition at Buffalo. Its purpose is to outline the architecture 
and to illumine the ornamentation, and at the same time to demon- 
strate the improvement in the electric light. Its results in grandeur 
and beauty surpass anything ever before attempted. 

Over 200,000 Lamps. 

Over 120,000 lamps are used on the Main Picture, and about 
80,000 lamps are employed by the concessionaires and exhibitors 
for decorating the interiors of their buildings and booths. 

Cascade Effects. 

The cascades are subject to special treatment by a profuse dis- 
play of decorative light emanating from 20,000 globes so arranged 
as to produce variations of color. Three sets of globes are used in 
the illumination, and these are of various hues at different seasons 
so as to lend variety to the picture. The three sets are placed on 
different lines, and these are operated by switches and a rheostat 
which turns on the electricity by degrees, producing gradual 
transformation from one color to the other, the effect slipping 
almost imperceptibly from white to red and from red to white, and 
then to blue, and so on from hue to hue. The grandeur of the 
display is heightened by concealing the lamps so that the globes 
are not seen, and only the glow of the lamps permeates ihe water 

— 44 — 



with a wonderful brilliancy and lends iridescence to the green 
ledges of the cascades. The falling water breaks the reflection in 
a thousand directions, producing the charms of fairyland. 

Ground Illumination. 

In addition to the illumination of the buildings and cascades, 
the grounds are illuminated by ornamental standards, posts and 
flag-poles, lining the roadways, bridges and lagoons and increasing 
the brilliancy of the scene. On the Hill and Plateau of States and 
throughout the western sections, thousands of arc lights are added 
to the incandescent decorative lights. The Pike has a row of 
elevated standards 75 feet apart, each bearing a group of arc lights. 

The entire ground illumination is governed by rheostats which 
control the current, letting on the electricity gradually. First the 
eve catches a faint glow at twilight. As the shadows deepen, the 
K r low develops slowly, breaking out finally into fullest splendor. 
When the closing hour comes the current is cut off by the same 
means, gradually sinking into a red glow, and then darkness fol- 
lows. 

The frontispiece of this volume is a reproduction of the night 
illumination of the Varied Industries building. 

AERONAUTICS. 



The Exposition's offer of a prize of $150,000 for dirigible 
balloons has drawn attention to the air-ship contests to take place 
on the World's Fair contest. No doubt the sum of all the efforts 
of the past in the direction of solving the problems of aerial naviga- 
tion will be exemplified at this Exposition. The contest is well 
organized under the Division of Exhibits, and an exhibit ground in 
the n. w. section of the site has been laid out and marked as the 
Aeronautic Concourse of 1904. The events on the concourse are 
open to all nations and entries have been made covering the entire 
field of aeronautics. 

The rules and regulations covering the aeronautic contests 
were formulated by a conference of experts and have successfully 
stood the test of rigid scrutiny. The principal event is for the 
grand prize of $100,000 to the air-ship making the best record over 
an aerial course marked by anchored balloons at a speed of not 
less than 20 miles per hour. Other minor cash prizes aggregating 
$50,000 are offered for dirigible balloons, air-ships, aeroplanes and 
free balloons. In every event the prizes are offered for achieve- 
ment only, and there are no restrictions as to the method of con- 
struction. 

WOMAN'S WORK AT THE FAIR. 



Woman has been accorded recognition at the Louisiana Pur- 
chase Exposition as never before in the world's history. This 
recognition came first through the action of Congress. In the bill 
passed March 3, 1901, which gave the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion the United States Government's official recognition, distinct 
provision was made that the National Commissioners should 
appoint a Board of Lady Managers and outline the duties and the 
field of action for the women selected to serve on such Board. It 
•was also provided that this Board of Lady Managers might 
appoint one member of every committee empowered to pass upon 
exhibits produced in whole or in part by women. This national 
official recognition effectually headed off any movement to rele- 

-46- 



gate woman to the background or to "crib, cabin and confine" her 
influence within the walls of a single Woman's building. This 
elimination of sex is in accordance with the great forward move- 
ment made by women since the Columbian Exposition at Chicago. 
It was the part of broad wisdom to thus recognize complete 
equality. Woman comes to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition on 
a clearly competitive basis. Her work is placed by the side of 
man's work in every department where her efforts and ability place 
her in competition. Her influence is recognized and accorded full 
worth. The selections for the Board of Lady Managers were 
made with this competitive idea and recognition of woman's work 
and influence always in view. The Board was made up of represen- 
tative women from all over the country — women who have contrib- 
uted and are contributing to the progress of events. Miss Helen 
Gould was the first selection for membership on this Board, and it 
was thought she would be placed at its head. She declined the 
honor when the time for organizing came, and Mrs. James L. 
Blair was made president of the Board. Upon Mrs. Blair's resig- 
nation, Mrs. Daniel Manning was chosen, and developments have 
confirmed the wisdom of this choice. 

Board of Lady Managers. 

Women have been entrusted with important special work 
for the Fair all over the country. It was a woman who went 
abroad and secured the great collection of royal Jubilee gifts 
from England for exhibition at the Fair— a thing thought to be 
impossible before it was actually accomplished. When it was 
found necessary to go to the National Government for financial 
aid, the effort and influence of Mrs. Daniel Manning at the 
National Capital made it an easy matter to get a loan of $4;500,000, 
secured by pledging the gate receipts, and an additional $100,000 
for the Board of Lady Managers. 

Official Home. 

Within the grounds of the Exposition one of the great Wash- 
ington University buildings was set apart for the official home of 
the Board of Lady Managers, where the many distinguished 
women from all over the world ma}- be entertained. This is in no 
sense an exhibition building; woman's work, as has been said, is 
not segregated, but is found in all the exhibit buildings devoted to 
departments in which she competes with man. This official home 
of the Lady Managers, adjoining the Hall of Congresses on the w., 
has been fitted and furnished with the comfort of the women 
always in view. A banquet-room is a distinctive feature, besides 
which there are drawing-rooms, salons and a library. These 
splendid quarters were designed to be open to the general public 
every day during the existence of the Exposition, with occasional 
exceptions when special or official meetings or entertainments 
make it necessary to limit this freedom to those especially invited 
or officially interested. The individual members of the Board of 
Lady Managers all take prominent parts in these official or social 
functions, selections having been made that would guarantee such 
participation. 

Besides the official work and influence of the Board of Lad 
Managers, and the placing of women's work in competition in all 
departments where such competition exists, woman's influence and 
value are recognized by the employment of women in all depart- 
ments. No distinction has been made in this respect. Woman's 
ability is recognized by the payment of the same wages as paid 
men for the same work. Full appreciation of this complete recog- 

— 48- 



|K > 




'SPIRIT OF THE ATLANTIC." (West Cascade. 
By Isidore Konti. 



nition is shown by the great interest taken by women in the Expo- 
sition and by the work they have done for the Fair. 

Statuary by Women. 

Some of the most conspicuous pieces of statuary are the 
creations of women. Among them may be mentioned Miss E. B. 
Longman's "Victory," crowning the summit of Festival Hall, while 
the entire interior color decoration of the United States Government 
building is the work of a woman, Grace Lincoln Temple, of Washing- 
ton, D. C. "James Monroa," on the e. approach of Art Hill, is by 
Julia M. Bracken, of Chicago; "James Madison," left approach to 
Cascade, Miss Janet Scudder, Terre Haute, Ind., and "George 
Rogers Clarke," on the w. approach, is by Elsie Ward, of Denver. 
On the Pagoda Cafes of the Grand Basin, two figures of 
"Victory" are by Enid Yandell, of New York, as is also "Daniel 
Boone," at the approach to Art Hill. The reclining figures at 
the ends of the Triumphal Arch of the Liberal Arts building are 
by Edith B. Stevens, New York. The e. and n. spandrels of the 
Machinery building are by Melva Beatrice Wilson, New York. 
"The Spirit of Missouri," crowning the gilded dome of the Mis- 
souri State building, is the product of Miss Carrie Wood, of St. 
Louis. 

The manager of the Alaska exhibit is Mrs. Mary E. Hart, and 
women occupy manv positions of responsibility and trust with the 
several state and territorial commissions. 

QUEEN'S JUBILEE GIFTS. 

Perhaps the most significant exhibit contributed by foreign 
nations is the collection of Jubilee presents of the great Queen 
Victoria of England. These are sent as a special mark of interest 
in the Exposition by His Majesty King Edward VII. of England. 
The collection was selected and arranged by Prof. Wyndham 
Dunstan, F. R. S., Director of the Imperial Institute at London, 
and Sir C. Purdon Clarke, C. I. E., Director of the Victoria and 
Albert Museum at London. They are selected from the entire 
number of gilts and royal presents associated with the name of 
the great Queen with special reference to the public interest 
among Europeans and Americans in the Eastern nations. 
The greater number are from the native princes of the Indian 
Empire. The gifts show, not only the precious metals and rare 
woods so freely used in their construction, but what is more im- 
portant, the enlightening influences wrought within recent years 
by European ideas upon the Indian nations. 

Location of Gifts. 

The collection is housed in the s. end, second floor, of the 
Hall of Congresses of the Administration group, where it is as- 
signed to the department of Anthropology, History section. 
The gifts are installed in cases where they are easily seen and 
safe from injury, and each is appropriately designated. There 
are 25 cases marked A, B, C, etc., to Y. Some of the gifts are 
priceless gems and works of the goldsmiths' art; others are 
carvings and handiwork representing the toil of years. But most 
of the objects shown are the exquisitely wrought and costly 
mountings of the addresses delivered by her subjects to the Queen 
on her Golden Jubilees of 1887 and 1897. 

Caskets of Wood and Ivory. 

The mountings are in the main caskets of carved wood and 
ivory, embellished with satin, velvet, gold, silver and jewels. The 
addresses are in the native languages with signatures. 

— 51- 



In addition to the mounted addresses in the various cases, the 
significant objects in the collection are as follows: 
CASE A 
Contains 18 addresses from various Indian provinces and an 
ivory bust of the Prince Consort from Lady Bloomfield. One of 
the addresses is mounted in an ivory writing-desk of remarkable 
workmanship. 

CASE B 
Contains 17 addresses in caskets. 
CASE C 
Contains 19 addresses variously mounted. One in a worsted 
box contains two Indian shawls; another in a model of a light- 
house; a battle-axe damascened in gold; three silver trays; a 
bronze reflector. 

CASE D 
Contains 7 addresses; one engraved on a silver plate with gold 
crown set with diamonds; a dish from the Kienlung pottery; 
white jade sceptre and ornaments and a block of white jade; metal 
incense vases and covers. 

CASE E 
Contains 25 addresses; a silver bust of Victoria. 

CASE F 
Contains 21 addresses. 

CASE G 
Contains 13 addresses; a silver-gilt salver. 



CASE H 



Contains 18 addresses. 



CASE I 

Contains 18 addresses; a tiger's skull, mounted; a gold medal 
struck by the British community of the Argentine Confederation. 
CASE J 
Contains 23 addresses; a signal trumpet; an ivory paper knife; 
silver jugs; silver cups. 

CASE K 
Contains 14 addresses; vases, Bidri ware; jewel boxes; a plate, 
Bidri ware. 

CASE L 



Contains 19 addresses. 
Contains 18 addresses. 
Contains 21 addresses. 



CASE M 

CASE N 



CASE O 

Contains 12 addresses; a gold casket made of 30 ounces of 
finest nuggets of West Africa; 14 Nepaulese coins. 
CASES P, Q, R, S and T 
Cases P, Q, R, S and T of the collection contain saddlery, 
the gifts of Indian Rajas and Princes. 

CASES U and V 
Contain a chair of state of elegantly carved ivory; a carved 
ivory foot-stool and a kneeling cushion, the gifts of the Maha- 
rajah of Travancore. 

CASES W and X 
Contain each a pair of elephants' tusks, mounted on a 
buffalo's head carved in ebony, from the Maharajah of 
Travancore. 

CASE Y 
Contains an ostrich-feather screen; four peacock-feather fans. 

— 52 — 



VATICAN TREASURES. 



One of the most valuable exhibits in the entire Exposition is 
that of the Vatican Treasures that were sent from Rome by the 
special order of Pope Pius X. as a mark of his esteem for 
America. The collection is priceless, not only in intrinsic value, 
but also in historic worth. The most important article in the 
exhibit is the copy of the Codex Vaticano, which is the oldest copy 
of the Bible in existence. In the same department of the exhibit 
with the Codex Vaticano are many important manuscripts and 
documents. 

There is a fine collection of coins, consisting of specimens of all 
the coins issued by the Popes, and a collection of papal auto- 
graphs. Among the personal exhibits from the Holy See at Pome 
are the portraits of the present Pope and many of his predeces- 
sors. A fine series of photographs gives various views of both the 
interior and exterior of the Vatican and of the Cathedral of St. 
Peter. The photographed decorations of the famous Sistine 
Chapel, for which the Madonna now in the Dresden Museum was 
painted by Raphael, are especially interesting, as also are the 
reproductions of the Catacombs in which the earlv Christians took 
refuge from the persecutions of the Roman emperors. 

The Papal mosaic factory, that produces the most artistic 
mosaics in the world, has sent a marvelously beautiful display of 
its work. 

The collection is officially under the control of Cardinal 
Satolli, although it was brought together and brought from Rome 
by Rev. Father Ehrle, Prefect of the Vatican Library. It is 
shown in the Hall of Anthropology. 

NOTABLE FEATURES. 



Floral Clock. 

Even Father Time,"the natural enemy of all humanity, has 
clad himself in the garb of beauty at the Exposition. The most 
wonderful timepiece in the world is to be found on the slope of the 
hill directly n. of the Palace of Agriculture. Its dial is 100 feet in 
diameter, and the figures are 15 feet high. The enormous hands 
that revolve above this dial are 45 feet long and are laden with royal 
bloom. The dial and figures are wrought in flowers that are 
changed as the season advances. The hour and half hour are 
sounded by a bell that weighs 5,000 pounds and can be heard dis- 
tinctly at a distance of 2 miles. This bell surmounts the house 
that contains the mechanism by which the hands are moved. As 
the hour is struck, the door of the house opens and the wonderful 
machinery comes to view. At the same time a colossal hour-glass, 
that has just let slip its last grain of sand, is reversed. A thousand 
incandescent bulbs illuminate the clock by night. 

The mechanism is entered as an exhibit in the Machinery 
department, and the floral display is under the supervision of Mr. 
Geo. E. Kessler, landscape architect for the Exposition. 

Model Street and Model City. 

The terminus of the Intramural Railway is the Model Depot 
that serves as the entrance to the Model City, located in front of 
the Lindell av. entrance to the Exposition. This street, that was 
designed as a type of the perfect city street, is 1.200 feet long, 
and in paving, parking and equipment is the best that is to be 
found in the world. In the center of the plot occupied by the 

— 54 — 



Model City is the public square, or city park, that is a gem in its 
way. 

The buildings of the city are modeled after the best buildings 
of their kind in America. In the center of the park is the Town 
Hall, accompanied by the Civic Pride Monument, erected by the 
Exposition. 

On one side are the Guild Hall of Scranton, Pa., and the Twin 
City building, of Minneapolis and St. Paul, and on the other the 
Exposition bank and the city building of Atlantic City. 

Other buildings are the Kansas City Casino and the city build- 
ings of New York and San Francisco. At the end of the street 
stands the Emergency Hospital, maintained by the Exposition. 
The station is modeled after the new railroad station at Atlanta, 
Ga. 

The prime mover in the work of the Model City was Mr. Albert 
Kelsey, of Philadelphia, national president of the Civic Improve- 
ment League. In making his plans, he was assisted by Mr. Isaac 
Taylor, director of works. The exhibit is a part of the Department 
of Social Economy. 

Plant Map of the United States. 

A tract of 5 acres, directly w. of the Palace of Forestry, Fish 
and Game, is devoted to the most wonderful map that ever was 
drawn. It is a map of the United States with boundaries and 
coast lines laid in the form of gravel walks. Each state is labeled 
in growing letters and the vegetable growth of each section of the 
country is produced as the season advances. There are in all 819 
species of plant life in this instructive map, each species growing 
in the states of which it is characteristic. In the margins of the 
tract are various plant exhibits that are typical 'of the larger tracts 
of the country. 

The entire area is underlaid with drain pipes to carry off the 
surplus water, and the whole map was laid out and planted at a 
cost of $10,000. 

Rose Garden. 

The Palaces of Agriculture and Horticulture are set in a para- 
dise of floral splendor, the most ravishing part of which is the 
Rose Garden that occupies the eastern slope leading up to the 
great Hall of Agriculture. It is the most glorious as well as the 
most extensive exhibit of growing roses the world has ever known. 
In this area of a trifle less than 10 acres are 75,000 rose bushes, 
and when these are in full bloom, the visitor is regaled with the 
sight of a million roses at once. 

Statue of Vulcan. 

The central position of the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy is 
held by a colossal statue of Vulcan, the Blacksmith of the Gods. 
It is a figure 56 feet high and weighs 100,000 pounds. A concep- 
tion of the enormous size of the statue may be had when we con- 
sider that a horse and carriage may be driven between the feet. 
The hammer weighs 300 pounds and the enormous anvil weighs 
6,000 pounds. 

This colossus is the contribution of the Birmingham Iron 
Works. It was made from a plaster cast that was modeled and 
enlarged at Passaic, N. J., and transported to Birmingham on three 
60-foot cars, where the casting was done. The cost of the figure 
was $20,000. At the close of the Exposition it will be returned to 
Birmingham, where it will be placed in one of the city parks. 

Sunken Garden. 

From the wide colonnade of the Government Pavilion, the 
visitor looks directly down upon an exquisite stretch of floral tap- 

— 56 — 



estry. This is known as the Sunken Garden, a parterre decoration 
that occupies the stretch of ground between the Palaces of Varied 
Industries aud Mines and Metallurgy. Its length is the same as 
that of these buildings, about 750 feet, and it is 75 feet wide. The 
beds are in fantastic shapes and the color blending is wonderfully 
brilliant and harmonious. The level of the garden is 3 feet below 
that of the walks and the slope is covered with sott green turf. 

Electric Lights. 

The colors used in lighting the focal feature of the Exposition 
— the Colonnade of States, the Restaurant Pavilions and Festival 
Hall — are canarv, emerald, crimson and opal, numbering 20,000 of 
each color of lamp except opal, of which there are 30,000 lamps 
to be used in the Cascades. 

Firearms Collection. 

The Forestry, Fish and Game building contains a historic col- 
lection of firearms which begins with the bow-guns, from which 
arrows and heavy stones were fired. The wide-mouthed blunder- 
bus, the flint-lock and the muzzle-loader, to the modern breech- 
loading army rifles and fowling-pieces, are shown. The United 
States Government shows the latest arm under manufactory for the 
use of the United States troops. A number of very valuable can- 
non nre also in the collection. A Cookson gun, made over 400 years 
ago in London, inlaid with silver and gems, is the rarest specimen. 
The shipment required two cars for its transportation to St. Louis. 

Grand Pipe-Organ. 

A grand pipe-organ, the largest in the world, is installed in 
Festival Hall as an exhibit of the Liberal Arts department. It is 
an architectural feature of the hall and is used for organ recitals 
and choral concerts under control of the Bureau of Music of the 
Exposition. The organ covers a space 33 by 62 feet and is 40 
feet high. It has 5 manuals, 140 speaking stops, 239 movements 
and 10,059 pipes. 

An idea of the size of the instrument may. be gained from the 
fact that the largest pipe is made of 2-inch Oregon pine 32 feet in 
length and large enough to admit a fuli-grown Shetland pony. 
Its full power is so great that continued use of it for more than one 
hour would endanger the safety of the building. By means of six 
key-boards and the numberless stops and devices in its marvelous 
mechanism, the organist is enabled to control this gigantic power 
to the full one instant and shut it off to the faintest whisper of an 
aeohan strain the next. 

In conjunction with the World's Fair orchestra and choruses, 
it produces a volume and beauty of sound practically unmatched 
in the development of massed music in this country. (For Organ- 
ists, see article on "Music") 

Life-Saving Service. 

Exhibitions by the United States Life-Saving Service began 
soon after the opening, with Capt. Charles H. McLellan in charge, 
and taking place on the lake at the n. base of the Palace of Agri- 
culture. The exhibition at 2:30 every afternoon includes the 
following demonstrations: 1, Launch and drill with the surf boat; 
2, Demonstration of the method of rescuing persons from a ship- 
wreck with the beach apparatus (this includes bringing in persons 
by means of the breeches-buoy or life-car); 3, Capsizing and 
righting of the lite-boat; 4, Rescue of persons from drowning and 
demonstration of the method of resuscitating an apparently 
drowned person; 5, Demonstration of miscellaneous work done 
by the Life-Saving Service. 

— 58 — 



School Garden. 

A school garden has been established by the United States 
Bureau of Plant Industry. It is located immediately n. of the 
5-acre map of the United States. This school garden affords a 
means of instructing school children in nature work. Not only 
the ordinary decorative plants, such as dahlias, asters and 
hollyhocks, but also garden vegetables, such as radishes, 
cabbages, turnips and cauliflower, are shown. 

Solar Engine. 

M. A. G. Himalaya, a priest from Lisbon, Portugal, and a pro- 
fessor of science in a college in Porto and Coimbra, has installed 
outside the Palace of Liberal Arts, a mammoth solar engine 
weighing 30 tons and occupying 100 by 60 feet of space. The 
machine is a system of giant lenses which concentrate the rays 
of the sun from a large area at a focal point. Pinto Leite of 
Lisbon is with the inventor. It is claimed the engine will melt 
anything. 

Sulphur Statue. 

A sulphur statue of Mephistopheles and a column of sulphur 
are part of the Louisiana exhibit in the Mines building. A statue 
of Lot's wife in rock salt is also shown.- 

Wireless Telegraph. 

The wireless telegraph is in public use and free of cost, as the 
company is giving demonstrations simply to show the practical 
power of the invention. The company has no concession. The 
station is located n. of the Plaza of Orleans. 

CLASSIFICATION OF EXHIBITS. 



The classification of the Divisions of Exhibits of the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition is based upon the theory that the Exposition 
is a universal cyclopedia of society, being a living picture of the 
artistic and industrial development at which mankind has arrived. 
It presents for the inspection of the world an assembly of the 
trophies of society in selected, classified, illustrative array. The 
objects shown are grouped in such a way as to allow the visitor tg 
study them logically without having to separate and associate what 
he encounters mentally, the arrangement being in form as the 
topics will be judged by the jury of awards composed of experts 
and specialists in each line of human endeavor. 

The Division of Exhibits is therefore arranged in 16 departments, 
designated by letters of the alphabet, and into 144 groups and 807 
classes, designated by Arabic numerals, the group and class desig- 
nations running in succession from Department A to Department P 
without interruption, so that each special subject may be associated 
independently by its proper numeral, as Class 44 or Group 116, etc. 

Education. 

Education, Department A, heads the classification, as all social 
development rests on education, and this is subdivided into 8 
groups, classes 1 to 26, arranged to cover the usual divisions of 
literary and technical school work, viz. : Elementary, Secondary, 
Higher, Special Education in Fine Arts, in Agriculture, in Com- 
merce and Industry, Education of Defectives, and Special Forms 
and Appliances of Education. 

Fine Arts, 

Fine Arts, Department B, follows as showing the degree of 
man's culture and development, and of this 6 groups have been 

— 60 — 



made, classes 27 to 4.*>: Paintings and Drawings, Engravings and 
Lithographs, Sculpture, Architecture, Loan Collection, and ( original 
Ohjects of Art Workmanships. 

Liberal Arts. 

Liberal Arts is the third, Department C, indicative of the prac- 
tical uses of education and culture to conserve the forces of nature. 
This department has groups 15 to 27, classes 4(5 to 161: Topography; 
Photography; Books and Bindings; Maps and Apparatus for 
Geography, Cosmography, Topography; Instruments of Precision, 
Philosophical Apparatus, Etc., Coins and Medals; Medicine and 
Surgery; Musical Instruments; Theatrical Appliances and Equip- 
ment; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Arts; Paper; Civil and Military 
Engineering; Models, Plans and Designs for Public Worjcs; Archi- 
tectural Engineering. 

Manufactures. 

Manufactures, Department D, shows what man is now doing 
with the forces of nature: Groups 28 to 61, classes 162 to 392, in- 
cluding Stationery; Cutlery; Silver and Goldsmiths' Ware; Jewelry, 
Clocks and Watchmaking; Productions in Marble, Bronze, Cast 
Iron and Wrought Iron; Brushes, Fine Leather Articles, Fancy 
Articles and Basket Work; Articles for Traveling and for Camping; 
India Rubber and Gutta Percha Industries; Toys; Decoration and 
Fixed Furniture of Buildings and Dwellings; Permanent Decoration 
of Public Buildings and of Dwellings; Office and Household Furni- 
ture; Stained Glass; Mortuary Monuments and Undertakers' Fur- 
nishings; Hardware; Paper Hanging; Carpets, Tapestries and 
Fabrics for Upholstery; Upholstery Decorations; Ceramies; Plumb- 
ing and Sanitary Materials; Glass and Crystal; Heating and Venti- 
lation; Apparatus and Methods, not Electrical, for Lighting; Tex- 
tiles — Materials and Processes for Spinning and Rope Making; 
Equipment and Processes used in the Manufacture of Textile 
Fabrics; Equipment and Processes used in Bleaching, Dyeing, 
Printing and Finishing Textiles in their Various Stages; Equipment 
and Processes used in Sewing and Making Wearing Apparel; 
Threads and Fabrics of Cotton; Threads and Fabrics of Flax, 
Hemp, etc.; Cordage; Yarns and Fabrics of Wool; Silk and Fabrics 
of Silk; Laces, Embroidery and Trimmings; Industries producing 
Wearing Apparel for Men, Women and Children; Leather, Boots 
and Shoes, Furs and Skins, Fur Clothing; Various Industries con- 
nected with Clothing (processes and products). 

Machinery. 

Machinery, representing the tools of man, is Department E, 
groups 62 to 66 and classes 393 to 427, including Steam Engines, 
Motors, General Machinery, Machine Tools, Arsenal Tools. 

Electricity. 

Electricity, Department F, groups 67 to 71, classes 42S to 451, 
indicates how man has discovered and utilized natural forces in 
conveying power and intelligence: Including Machines for Generat- 
ing and Using Electricity; Electro-Chemistry; Electric Lighting; 
Telegraphy and Telephony; Various Applications of Electricity. 

Transportation. 

Transportation, Department G, covering the means man has 
devised to overcome distance in commerce with his fellow man, 
groups 72 to 77, classes 4.">2 to 484: Carriages and Wheelwrights' 
Work, Automobiles and Cycles; Saddlery and Harness; Railways: 
Yards, Stations, Freight Houses, Terminal Facilities of All Kinds; 
Material and Equipment used in the Mercantile Marine; Material 

-62 — 



and Equipment of Naval Services; Naval Warfare; Aerial Naviga- 
tion. 

Agriculture. 

Agriculture, Department H, shows how man has improved the 
natural products of the soil, the farm and the garden, groups 78 to 
104, classes 485 to 621, and includes Farm Equipment — Methods of 
Improving Lands; Implements and Machinery, Fertilizers; To- 
bacco; Appliances and Methods used in Agricultural Industries; 
Statistics; Food Products; Seeds; Animal Foods; Equipment and 







•'PROGRESS OF MANUFACTURES " (Main Entrance 

Manufactures Building.) 

By Isidore Konti. 

Methods employed in the Preparation of Foods; Farinaceous Prod- 
ucts; Bread and Pastry; Preserved Foods; Sugar, Confectionery, 
Condiments, Relishes, Waters, Wines and Brandies; Syrups and 
Liqueurs — Distilled Spirits — Commercial Alcohol; Fermented Bev- 
erages; Inedible Agricultural Products; Insects and their Products; 
Plant Diseases. 

Live Stock. 

Live Stock, Department I, covers Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Swine, 
Dogs, Cats, Poultry, and Birds. 

— 63 — 



Horticulture. 

Horticulture, Department J, groups 105 to 111, classes 622 to 
652, covers Appliances and Methods of Horticulture; Pomology; 
Trees, Shrubs; Ornamental Plants and Flowers; Conservatory, 
Seeds and Plants; Arboriculture and Fruit Culture. 

Forestry. 

Forestry, another subject associated with the culture and care 
of natural products of the soil, is designated as Department K, 
groups 112 to 114, classes 653 to 666, to-wit: Appliances and Proc- 
esses used in Forestry; Products of the Cultivation of Forests and 
of Forest Industries; Appliances for Gathering Wild Crops and 
Products Obtained. 

Mines and Metallurgy. 

Mines and Metallurgy, Department L, is subdivided into groups 
115 to 119, classes 667 to 719, comprising Working of Miues, Ore 
Beds and Stone Quarries (equipment and processes); Minerals and 
Stones, and their Utilization; Mine Models, Maps and Photographs; 
Metallurgy; Literature of Mining and Metallurgy. 

Fish and Game. 

Fish and Game, Department M, illustrating the culture and 
handling of Fish and Game, has groups 120 to 124, classes 720 to 738: 
Hunting Equipment, and Products; Fishing Equipment and Prod- 
ucts; Fisheries, Fish Culture. 

Anthropology. 

Anthropology, Department N, comprises groups 125 to 128, 
classes 739 to 743, covering Literature, Somatology, Ethnology, 
Ethnography. 

Social Economy. 

Social Economy, closely associated with Education, is desig- 
nated as Department O, comprising groups 129 to 141, classes 744 to 
801: Study of Social and Economic Conditions; Economic Resources 
and Organization; State Regulation; Industrial Workers' Organiza- 
tion; Methods of Industrial Remuneration; Co-operative Institu- 
tions; Provident Institutions; Housing of Working Classes; Liquor 
Question; Betterment Movements; Charities and Correction; Public 
Health; Municipal Improvement. 

Physical Culture. 

Physical Culture, the last department, P, has the remaining 
groups, 142 to 144, and classes 802 to 807, covering Theory and 
Practice of Training Children and Adults; Games and Sports; 
Equipment for Games and Sports. 

ADMINISTRATION BUILDINGS. 



Among the multitudinous objects of interest within the Exposi- 
tion grounds, one that must claim a large share of attention is the 
group of splendid buildings crowning the hill that occupies the 
extreme w. portion of the grounds. As the throng moves up 
Administration bl. between the Transportation building and The 
Pike, it faces a building that seems to have been transplanted from 
the Elizabethan age and Tudor England. This massive hall, with 
central arch and stately tower, is the Exposition's Administration 
building. Never in the history of expositions has the administrative 
department been given such a home. 

— 64 — 



The structure is the main hall of the new Washington Univer- 
sity group. Ten other buildings occupy the space w. of this one, and 
the Universitj', when it shall have entered its new abode, will occupy 
one of the finest college structures in the world, a group of buildings 
that represents an expenditure of several millions of dollars. 

The materials of which Administration Hall is constructed are 




"DEFIANT INDIAN." (West Court. Cascades.) 
By C. E. Dallin. 

pink granite from the Missouri quarries, with trimmings of the 
famous Bedford limestone. The floors are of concrete, and there 
are broad, easy flights of stairs leading from the ground floor to the 
upper story and the basement. The e. facade, that is 325 feet long, 
is divided in the middle by a tower 77 feet high, beneath which is a 
broad, open arch that not only gives access to the two main corridors 
of the two wings, but leads directly to the inner quadrangle. The 

— 65 — 



tower is ornamented with cut-stone trimmings, canopied niches and 
shields bearing the University coat of arms. From its corners rise 
four smaller octagonal towers that give the structure the appear- 
ance of a feudal castle. The cost of this building alone was 
$250,000. In this building are the offices of President Francis, Sec- 
retary Stevens and the members of the National Commission. 
Here also are the Press and Publicity rooms and the offices of the 
Departments of Exhibits and Concessions, in charge of Directors 
Skiff and Gregg. 

Great as is the space in this building, the area was found to be 
inadequate for the army of workers. Hence Busch and Cupples 
Halls, two of the adjacent buildings of the University group, were 
added. Here are the draughting rooms, the Departments of Land- 
scape and Engineering, and the offices of Mr. Bitter. Chief of Sculp- 
ture, and Mr. Masqueray, Chief of Design. 



U. S. GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 



On a fitting eminence to the s. e. of the main group of build- 
ings, and overlooking this magnificent picture, stands the structure 
that has been erected by the Federal Government. In situation, 
architecture and decoration, it is wholly worthy the purpose for 
which it has been reared. It is simple and monumental in charac- 
ter, with a dignity that some of the other Exposition buildings lack. 

In general shape, the Government building is rectangular, with six 
entrance pavilions that project beyond the line of the colonnades. 
The entrances are reached by a broad flight of stairs at the center, 
which is encircled by two gently inclined ramps leading from the 
level of the other Exposition palaces to the massive doorway, and 
by other stairways at the two ends. The middle stair is 100 feet 
wide, while those at the ends are 50 feet wide. Before the building 
is a platform 125 by 45 feet in area, having an exedra at each end. 
The spacious approaches to the building are adorned with statuary 
that is entirely in keeping with the idea for which the structure 
stands. 

Architecture. 

In architecture, the Government building is a modern adapta- 
tion of the classic, the Ionic order being the most prominent deco- 
ration. The main facade has for its central motif a monumental 
entrance, before which tower four pairs of Ionic columns, 5 feet in 
diameter and 45 feet high. The attic above this Ionic order is 
adorned by eight classic figures that resemble the caryatides of the 
Erechtheum at Athens. 

Surmounting the top of the tympanum is an American Eagle, a 
perfectly modeled figure in bronze. The central motif is repeated 
at the two ends of the main facade in somewhat smaller and simpler 
entrances. Between these entrances runs a classic portico 15 feet 
wide, behind a row of stately Ionic columns. The n. and s. facades 
have monumental entrances similar to the central motif of the w. 
facade. This general character is repeated at the e., where the 
colonnade is replaced by a succession of engaged pillars, between 
which the curtain wall is pierced by gigantic windows that afford 
ample light for the interior. The center of the building is crowned 
by an enormous dome, 100 feet in diameter, similar in character to 
the dome that surmounts the Pantheon at Rome. Above this stands 
the majestic quadriga that, in its tranquillity and dignity, serves to 
carry up the lines of this unpretentious but majestic building. 

-66 - 



The Interior. 

The interior of the structure is one enormous hall, 724 feet long 
by 175 feet wide, entirely free of columns. The roof is carried on 
steel trusses, 175 feet in span, and 70 feet from the floor. These 
are located at intervals of 35 feet. The trusses are left exposed and 
serve to form a part of the interior decoration. The hall is lighted 
entirely by clear stories, having no skylights whatever. The inte- 
rior decorations are unique in that they employ only the colors of the 
national flag. The steel trusses are painted red and the rib orna- 
ment is of white and blue. The panels above the windows are 
decorated with shield designs, and there are artistic groups and 
festoons of flags. 




"GRACE AND STRENGTH." (Side Cascade.) 
By Isidore Konti. 

With the exception of the steel used in the construction of the 
roof, this building, like most of the other Exposition structures, is 
built of wood and staff. Its construction cost $268,980, although 
almost double that sum was spent in making the building and its 
exhibit the marvel of interest and instruction that the Government 
has here thrown open to the public. This department is wholly in- 
dependent of the general Exposition authorities, the Government 
taking entire responsibility for both building and exhibit. Mr. J. 
Knox Taylor, Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, 
designed the building. 

The sloping ground that leads up to the Government Pavilion 

— 67 — 



is lavishly adorned with flowers, and from the main entrance the 
visitor may look directly down upon the Sunken Garden, one of the 
most attractive feature of landscape architecture in the entire 
Exposition scheme of floral decoration. 

Post-Office Department. 

Among the most interesting departments is that of the post- 
office, under the supervision of Col. J. J. Brownlow. Here are 
models of the latest mail coaches and rural free delivery wagons, 
and a host of other models, illustrating the manner of handling the 
mails. Adjacent to this exhibit is a collection of photographs of 
soldiers. These portraits were sent to the Dead Letter Office at 
Washington during the Civil War, and there are 2,500 of them. It 
is the desire of the post-office authorities that these photographs be 
inspected, and it is hoped that, during the Exposition period, many 
of them will be identified and restored to the friends of the Civil 
War veterans. 

The most complex and complete of all the Government's ex- 
hibits, wherever situated, is the mail car, not a small model, 
but the actual car, fully equipped with letter cases, pouch rack, 
cancelling tables and machines for catching mail pouches while 
the train is moving at the rate of 60 miles an hour. In order 
to install this part of the exhibit of the Post-office Department, a 
section of the south wall of the pavilion had to be left out, the 
broad opening having been walled in after the model mail car was 
in place. 

Department of Interior. 

The exhibit shown by the Department of the Interior, under 
the direction of Edward M. Dawson, is near that of the post- 
office, and is full of interest. Especially is this true of the part that 
comes under the head of the Geological Survey. The work of col- 
lecting this exhibit was entrusted to Mr. A. H. Thompson, and the 
most beautiful part of his display is a collection of window trans- 
parencies in color, illustrating the work of the Survey in every 
quarter of the Republic, from the dog-drawn sledges of Alaska to 
the tropical scenes of the Philippine and Hawaiian Islands. 

War and Navy Departments. 

The War Department, under John C. Schofield, shows all the 
latest equipment for the field of battle, as well as the older forms of 
armament. Here an enormous specimen of the rifled cannon used 
in our coast defense may be seen. Close by is a model of a giin 
carriage and a train of very life-like horses. In this vicinity is the 
model of a battle-ship that forms part of the exhibit of the Navy 
Department, that is in charge of B. F. Peters. Another of the large 
models is that of a whale, normal size and painted so that it seems 
almost to be alive. The other departments of the Government 
exhibit contain myriads of interesting objects; but by no means all 
of the exhibit is housed within the Government Pavilion. The 
appropriation for displays of Government work outside this build- 
ing was almost a million dollars. 

Philippine Exhibit. 

This includes the Philippine settlement in the western part of 
the Exposition grounds, beyond the Agriculture building. (See 
special article on "The Philippine Encampment.") 
Department of Agriculture. 

Near the Philippine colony is the wonderful map of the United 
States, to which each state has made contributions in the form of 
fruits, grains and other products. (See article on "Notable Fea- 
tures.") 

-63 — 



Sculpture. 

The sculpture of the Government Pavilion is especially worthy 
of notice, being entirely the work of one man. Mr. James F. Early, 
the sculptor, has imparted to his groups the feeling and character 
of the building they adorn, and at the same time has made them 
suggestive of the purpose and contents of that building. The de- 
sign that embellishes the face of the pediment is a beautiful piece 
of Romanesque ornament in high relief, to harmonize with the 
Romanesque architecture that prevails in the structure itself. This 




"FLIGHT OF TIME.'' (Over each Main Entrance Education Building.) 
By Robert Bringhurst. 

tympanum decoration is flanked by two colossal groups of "Liberty 
Triumphant," consisting of a seated Liberty, holding aloft the 
Torch of Education, and three male figures holding the laurels of 
victory in their hands. At the feet of the Liberty hovers the Ameri- 
can eagle. The groups representing the Youth and Advancement 
of the nation are well conceived and carried out with sympathy and 
vigor. These groups consist of three figures each and are beautifully 
modeled. However, the crowning sculptural glory of this building 
is the "Liberty Victorious," a majestic quadriga that surmounts 
the dome. 



GOVERNMENT FISHERIES. 

Associated with both the Forestry, Fish and Game and the 
United States Government exhibits is that of the American Fish 
Commission that is housed by the beautiful pavilion adjoining the 
Government building. It is a square structure, 136 feet each way, 
and is designed along the lines of the ancient Pompeian residence. 
Its chief architectural feature is a colonnade entirely surrounding 
the building. The entablature and corners are especially noticeable 
for the harmony and delicacy of their treatment. The design is 
Graeco-Roman throughout, and the finishing touch is added by a 
beautiful Roman tiled roof. 

Mr. James Knox Taylor, Supervising Architect of the Treasury 
Department, created this architectural gem to harmonize with the 
splendid Romanesque structure that crowns the hill to the n. 
e. of it. The same dignity and chaste simplicity that character- 
ize the Government Pavilion are to be observed in the Government 
Fisheries building. The interior is constructed somewhat like the 
atrium or inner court of a Roman dwelling, and the walls are lined 
with tanks containing the living fish exhibits. There are 35 glass 
tanks lighted from above, so that the visitor in the darkened pas- 
sageway may view the gracefully gliding creatures to the best pos- 
sible advantage. In addition to native fish from all the lakes and 
streams of the United States, there are specimens of the widely 
different species of fish found in the Philippines and the other 
island territory of the Republic. The salt-water fish are kept in 
tanks that are filled with water brought from the Atlantic, and the 
fresh water is filtered by a filter plant that is installed in the build- 
ing. The water in all the tanks is aerated by meaus of a fresh-air 
pump that forms an attractive part of the exhibit. The cost of the 
Government Fisheries building was $50,000, and the installation and 
care of exhibits is under the supervision of Mr. W. deC. Raveuel, 
United States Fish Commissioner. 

UNITED STATES NAVAL EXHIBIT. 

The United States Naval exhibit is installed in the main Gov- 
ernment building and on the esplanades thereof. The exhibit in the 
main building, occupying 15,500 square feet, gives a good idea of the 
appearance of a modern man-of-war and of the life on board of the 
men behind the guns. The central figure of the exhibit is an exact 
full-sized reproduction of the bow of a United States man of-war 
118 by 46 feet, fitted out with all the appurtenances of a battle-ship 
— turret guns, trappings, machines and munitions of war. 

"The Olympia." 

The original figurehead of the "Olympia" adorns the structure 
as it was borne in the battle of Manila, May 1, 1898. Two 10-inch 
guns are mounted in barbette turrets. The deck also shows a 
6-pound Hotchkiss, a 1-pound automatic, a 30-calibre Colt, a 
Gatling field-piece; ships' anchors, windlass, skylights, hatchways, 
cowls and side ladders in perfect similitude ot a modern fighting 
machine. There is also a torpedo with a torpedo firing-tube. Life- 
size wax figures of officers and men are placed in accurate poses on 
the deck, representing the grade and uniform of each branch of the 
service. Staterooms, quarters, mess-rooms, berths, etc., are shown, 
and visitors may freely inspect the deck and all its compartments. 

Dry Dock. 

A working model of a dry dock is built to scale as a topic of the 
Naval exhibit, containing a floating model of the United States 
Ship "Illinois" to illustrate the process of docking a battle-ship 

-70 — 



for repairing her hull, also for floating the ship by reverse process. 
A floating dry dock will also be seen in model. 

Naval Academy. 

A miniature of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, 
Md., is shown on a scale of 3 V of an inch to the foot. This model, 
13 by 6 feet, shows the entire layout of the academy. A small 
amphitheatre is constructed for biographic display of the man- 
oeuvers of officers and men on board a man-of-war in peace and 
in war. 

Biograph Views. 

Topics illustrated by the biograph are the departure of the 
President, Secretary of the Navy, Admiral of the Navy, Lieuten- 
ant-General of the Army and a Rear-Admiral from the flagship 
'"Kearsarge" after an official visit. The models of vessels of the 
United States Navy are shown properly mounted, and all historic 
uniforms of the department are shown on wax models. 

Marine Corps. 

The United States Marine Corps has a model camp known as 
Camp Heywood, on Government Hill, where 200 enlisted men are 
quartered. The}- give daily exhibition drills. 

AGRICULTURE BUILDING. 



The largest building on the Exposition grounds — indeed, the 
largest building ever erected for the accommodation of a single 
exhibit — is the Agriculture building, that crowns the summit of 
Agricultural Hill, the historic ground that formerly was occupied 
by the old Skinker mansion, so well known to the residents of St. 
Louis. It is entirely separated from the main Exposition picture, 
being located s. of the Administration building and e. of the Philip- 
pine exhibit. 

The building, which from an architectural standpoint is very 
simple, has been pronounced by experts to be one of the best 
structures ever erected for exposition purposes. The exterior is 
composed of plain expanses and glass surfaces, the latter being so 
arranged as to flood the building with light. The plain surfaces 
were designed for the reception of color treatment in the form of 
beautiful fresco designs of flowers and fruit, but this decoration, 
that would have added materially to the effect of the pavilion, has 
been abandoned. 

Enormous Area. 

Yet even unadorned as it is, the Agriculture building is wholly 
satisfactory. It serves the purpose for which it was erected. It 
is 1,600 feet long by 500 feet wide, and covers an area of 20 acres. 
Even with this enormous area, the space was found altogether 
inadequate to meet the demand of the exhibitors. As a result, the 
exhibit is the finest agricultural display ever brought together. 

The ground on which the building stands is the sloping side of 
a hill, the angle of elevation being one foot in a hundred. This 
fact presented an interesting problem for the architect. With how 
much skill he turned the seeming difficulty to his advantage, the 
visitor may easily perceive. Instead of cutting away the hill or 
filling in the hollow, he caused the building to accommodate itself 
to the contour of the ground, thereby making the s. end of the floor 
16 feet higher than the n. end. The effect of this is to add per- 
spective and distance to the inner view of the building. 

— 71 — 



The main entrance is a great arch, crowned with a shield bear- 
ing the arms of the state of Missouri and flanked by two imposing 
prions. The corners are treated in more massive form to give the 
effect of strength and solidity to the structure. The central motif 
of the e. facade is repeated on the two end facades. The w. front, 
facing the Philippine exhibit, has two main entrances instead of 
one, in order to give free circulation to the enormous crowds that 
must be attracted by the interesting and artistically arranged 
exhibits within the building. 

These exhibits consist of all the agricultural products and 
implements of the entire civilized world. The floor is laid out in 
blocks like a well-planned city, with broad aisles between the ex- 
hibits. In order to economize space, and add both to the interest 
and the beauty of the collections, the products of corn, cotton, 
tobacco, and a few other American staples, have been brought to- 
gether in a sort of competitive exhibit. This occupies the central 
tier of blocks, somewhat less than the entire length of the building. 

Corn Exhibit. 

The Corn exhibit is little short of marvelous. The products 
from the various states are separate, but so grouped that they may 
be compared. All that pertains to the breeding, growing, harvest- 
ing and utilizing of corn is here shown. Near at hand are the by- 
products of corn, such as glucose, starch, oil, meal, syrup and corn 
rubber. Then there are mattresses, canned corn, whiskey, and cob 
pipes. After looking over this exhibit, one is led to conclude that 
to America corn is as important as is the cocoanut palm to the 
islands of the Pacific. The corn exhibit occupies three blocks and 
is covered by an ornamental dome-like pavilion that is made entirely 
of corn products or decorations suggestive of this most important 
agricultural resource of the American farm. Here are also some 
valuable statistical records, showing the entire production of the 
United States and the relation of the various states to the entire 
product. 

Cotton. 

Next in importance to corn are the exhibits of cotton and 
tobacco. In another three blocks the story of cotton, from the 
blooming plant to the cloth that has passed through the loom, is 
told in a competitive exhibit of marvelous interest. Methods of 
growing, of harvesting and baling are shown. The by-products, 
such as cotton-seed oil and meal, have a place in the exhibit. 
Over this collection of the cotton is an ornamental dome, and the 
exhibit is surrounded by a low railing. 

Tobacco. 

The Tobacco exhibit occupies 20,000 feet of floor space, a fact 
that in itself gives an idea of the importance of the soothing weed 
in American commerce. The central feature of the tobacco 
decoration is an octagonal base, supporting an enormous globe that 
is surmounted by a galleon of the type that was used during the 
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, constructed entirely of tobacco 
and bearing the date 1585, when tobacco was first introduced into 
the Old World. The Indian, from whom the habit of smoking was 
derived, plays an important part in the decorative scheme. 

Dairy Products. 

The American cow furnishes one of the most interesting 
exhibits in the Agriculture building. A model creamery, entirely 
enclosed in glass so that all its operations may be watched, is one 
of the interesting features. Near at hand is a model Dairy Lunch, 

— 73- 



where the hungry may refresh themselves with the pure products 
of the creamery. The butter and cheese exhibit is in refrigerator 
cases, and the figures of prominent Americans, modeled in butter, 
ought to attract the throng. 

Agricultural Implements. 

A great block of space is occupied by the manufacturers of 
Agricultural Implements. Here all the most improved machinery 
for handling the products of the soil are displayed. 

Foreign Displays. 

America is not alone in this spacious hall. There are interest- 
ing displays of both produce and machinery from all the leading 
agricultural nations of Europe, and many exhibits from Japan, 
Egypt, Africa and Mexico, showing clearlv the differences between 
tne methods employed in the Old and the New World. 

ANTHROPOLOGY BUILDING. 



The department of Anthropologv and Ethnology occupies that 
building of the Washington University group known as Cupples 
Hall, No. 1. It extends w. from the Administration building, join- 
ing the Hall of International Congresses in the rear, and, during tne 
pre-exposition period, was used by the departments of photography 
and storage. It is a two-story structure, with basement, thoroughly 
fire-proof, and, like the rest of the University buildings, is of pink 
Missouri granite with trimmings of Bedford stone. The architec- 
ture is Tudor-Gothic, and with the exception of three bay windows 
and two simple Gothic doors, its outer wall is wholly without 
ornament. The Anthropology building is little more than an office 
building for the department, when one considers the real extent of 
the Anthropological exhibit. Indeed, one might almost sav that 
the entire Exposition is one great display of this Science of Man- 
kind, since the purpose of the Exposition is to show Man in and 
through his work. In addition to the space occupied by the offices, 
this building, that is 363 by 113 feet in area and was erected at a 
cost of $115,000, contains many interesting documents, charts and 
photographs showing the development of the human race. A little 
way to the s. of the University group stands the Alaska building, 
with its valuable records and its accompanying exhibit of natives 
and native residences, its totem poles and quaint carving. 

Indian School. 

The model Indian School, across the road, is also a part of this 
exhibit. In this building, 200 feet long by 77 feet wide, with 
a projecting auditorium 36 feet wide by 97 feet deep, the two phases 
of Indian life may be studied side by side. Across the e. front of 
the building are the class-rooms, where the young Indians of both 
sexes are being taught. Across the long corridor are the booths in 
which the old craftsmen ply their primitive trades. As far as pos- 
sible, the old and young Indians were selected from the same 
families. In the basement are cooking schools and other depart- 
ments of domestic science, and on the second floor are model 
dormitories. The balcony on the e. facade is for the accommo- 
dation of the Indian band. 

Aborigines. 

There are several other interesting exhibits of American natives 
surrounded by their natural environment. The Patagonian giants, 
the tallest people in the world, are quartered near Arrowhead 

-74- 



Lake, in their curious skin houses and fireplace canoes. Close at 
hand will be seen the African pygmies, the smallest people in the 
world. Since the time of Herodotus there has been a tradition 
that the heart of the Dark Continent was peopled with tiny crea- 
tures scarcely half the size of the average man. A few years ago, 
through the explorations of Du Chaillu, Schweinfurth and Stanley, 
the tradition was transformed into a known fact. Now for the first 
time it is hoped a band of these tiny creatures will be induced to 
forsake the wilds of Africa and cross the Atlantic. These Pygmies 
are undoubtedly the original peo- 
ple of that continent that is still 
so much of a mystery to the civil- 
ized world. 

Another exhibit from central 
Africa is to be a band of Red 
Negroes from the Kasai Valley, 
a tribe whose place in the ethnic 
sphere has not yet been deter- 
mined. Another aboriginal group 
is that of the Ainu tribe from the 
northern islands of Japan. These 
primitive Japanese, in their daily 
occupation, reveal the early 
stages of the handicraft that 
has made the art of Japan the 
most wonderful in the world. 
Among the American aborigines 
are the basket-makers, the pot- 
ters and workers in metal. There 
is also a remarkable collection of 
Indian baskets and blankets, 
known as the Huckel collection. 

(For the Filipinos, see article 
on "The Philippines.") 

In the section of Archaeology 
there are rare examples of the 
work of the Aztecs — carved 
stone, beaten gold and polished 
gems. The exhibit sent to this 
department from Egypt is com- 
prehensive and priceless. It in- 
cludes models in miniature of 
some of the noted ancient palaces, 
and a splendid collection of 
mummy cases. 

A part of the Anthropology exhibit is also to be found in the 
Hall of International Congresses. This building, 257 feet long by 
46 feet wide, is situated at the rear of the quadrangle, directly w. 
of the Administration building. It is characterized by a running 
arcade and four Gothic towers. This structure contains three 
halls each 100 feet long, that will be used throughout the Exposi- 
tion period for the various congresses. In this building are dis- 
played the magnificent Jubilee Presents (see article on "Queen's 
Jubilee Gifts"), carved ivory, wrought gold, tooled leather, lace 
and gems; in short, the handiwork of Queen Victoria's loyal sub- 
jects in every quarter of the globe. Here also are the treasures 
that comprise the Vatican collection. (See article on "Vatican 
Gifts.") 




Robert Livingston. 
(Left approach to Cascades.) 
By A. Lukemann. 



75 — 



EDUCATION BUILDING. 



In many respects the Education building is the most beautiful 
in the main picture of the Exposition. As the educational exhibit 
has been made to rank first in classification, in accordance with the 
theory that all industry is dependent upon education for its 
advancement, so the building that shelters this exhibit has been 
made first in location and in adornment. As one stands at the 
n. portal of Festival Hall, the best position for viewing the 
grounds, his eye falls at once on this charmingly classical 
structure. 

Location and Environment. 

The location is most happily chosen and the environment is the 
most effective that could be designed. The w. facade of the build- 
ing occupies almost the entire length of the Grand Basin, bevond 
which stands the highly ornate Electricity building. To the n. is 























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ARIZONA BUILDING. . 

the Manufactures building, that is so thoroughly modern in its 
feeling, and to the e. stands the almost gorgeous Mines and Metal- 
lurgy picture. By contrast with these three structures, the Palace 
of Education seems indeed to be the work of some ancient Cor- 
inthian designer who followed in the wake of the Ionic builders, 
so chaste and dignified is its every line. However, it is not the 
reincarnation of artistic Greece, but the original creation of two 
appreciative students of that most perfect architecture. This 
building is a monument to the genius of St. Louis. Its designers 
are Messrs. Eames & Young, and its sculptural decorations were 
the work of one man, himself a St. Louisan, Mr. Robert Bring- 
hurst. The plastic ornament of the other buildings shows the 
taste of several minds. In the decorations of this building, the 
thought and feeling of a single individual are reflected. And so 
fully has Mr. Bringhurst grasped the fundamental idea of the 
architects that his sculpture seems to have grown out of the build- 
ing itself. Each group serves but as an accent or a climax to the 
part of the building it adorns. 



-76 — 



Sculpture. 

Above the spacious portal, flanked on each side by three fluted 
columns, stand the six figures of the "Goldenrod Girl." This 
architectural decoration, that is so classical in treatment and yet 
so American in sentiment, is the link between the past and the 
present. Beside the quadriga, with its three graceful female 
figures and its plunging steeds, are the two groups, symbolic of 
"The Thread of Fate" and "The Span of Life." These groups, 
each composed of three figures, balance each other in every detail. 
In the former, the central, standing figure is that of a woman, full- 
winged and draped. At her feet, between the seated figures of a 
youth and a maiden, is the winged wheel of fortune. In the latter, 
the central figure is Father Time, and between his two crouching 
companions is the winged hour-glass. Especially beautiful in 
treatment are the two larger groups of "Music" and "Manual 
Training," that flank the main entrances. 

Architecture. 

In the majestic colonnade that outlines the entire building, 
there is a most pleasing use of square pillars and round columns. 
The structure is in the form of a keystone, with an area of 
approximately 9 acres. Its n. facade is a flat angle, the two sides 
of which are 750 feet in length. The s. facade, that is a straight 
line, is but 450 feet long. The sides, that diverge towards the n., 
are each 525 feet in length. The materials used in construction are 
wood and staff, and the total cost is $350,000. The architects, in 
planning their design, gave particular attention to the subject of 
lighting, a matter of paramount importance in view of the nature 
of the exhibits to be on display within those four walls. 

It is safe to say that no other building in the entire Exposition 
can vie with this one in popularity. The idea upon which the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition is based is the idea of education. 
In each one of the great collections, whether of art works or of 
engines, the purpose of giving instruction has been clearly carried 
out. 

Exhibits. 

The visitors who anticipate seeing nothing but a tiresome array 
of maps and school-girl compositions will be agreeably disap- 
pointed. True, there are enormous collections of charts, photo- 
graphs and apparatus that will be of inestimable value to those 
students and teachers who are in search of grouped and classified 
facts. But these are merely dry statistics to those who are not 
vitally interested in educational work. Yet the world at large 
enjoys seeing how things are done. The great innovation in this 
educational exhibit is the element of "life" that is everywhere 
present. In addition to photographs of students at work in their 
school laboratories there are students, in the flesh, performing the 
actual chemical tests before the eyes of the crowd. All the shop 
work of a well-equipped manual-training school is carried on 
within this building, for the benefit of the curious or the genuinely 
interested. There are classes in domestic science for the girls, 
showing how, in the modern scheme of education, the needs of the 
home are not overlooked. There are given daily illustrations of 
the methods employed in the instruction of the blind, the deaf and 
the mentallv afflicted. The class of Indians must also prove of 
great interest. 



r7 — 



ELECTRICITY BUILDING. 



The Electricity building, that serves as a pleasing vis-a-vis to 
the building devoted to Education and Social Economy, is, like 
it, of the monumental Corinthian order. In area and general 
shape the two buildings are alike; but whereas the Palace of 
Education is purely classical, with its Corinthian colonnade 
outlining the entire structure, the Palace of Electricity is varied 
by decidedly different treatment on the four elevations. The 
greatest embellishment is found on the e. facade, facing the lagoon, 
where the columns, grouped in pairs, stand far out from the curtain 
wall. Between these and the wall runs a balcony supported by 
small Doric pilasters. Between the pairs of columns the wall is 
pierced by enormous windows in the form of the Roman arch. 
Surmounting the pairs of columns are four decorative sculptural 
figures by Mr. A. Lukemann, symbolic of "Light," "Speed," 




CONNECTICUT BUILDING. 



"Heat" and "Power." The first of these is a classic female figure 
holding in her hands the two poles of a magnet, between which 
runs a zigzag flash of lightning. "Heat," another draped classic 
figure, holds in her outstretched hand a flaming basin. The other 
two are male figures, the one a graceful "Mercury" and the other 
a sturdy and muscular toiler. 

Architecture. 

In this building are two characteristic features, the treatments 
of the main entrances and the corner pavilions. The central 
motif is a square portico, crowned by an enormous Roman gable. 
This gable, with its wide arched window, was used to such 
decorative advantage in the baths of ancient Rome. The 
sculptural groups were executed by John Flanagan and Charles 
Grafly. 

The corner pavilions tower in pyramidal form, affording 
excellent opportunity for the use of sculptural ornament. This 

— 78 — 



opportunity was not overlooked. On the very summit of the 
obtruncated pyramid stands the group "Light and Darkness," an 
erect nude figure holding aloft in her hands a star. At her feet 
crouch two figures whose attitude and expression suggest the very 
antithesis of the light embodied in the star-bearer. Lower down 
on the pyramid are the two groups, "Wonders of the Lightning," 
and "Wonders of the Aurora," the former expressing terror and 
the latter admiration, wonder, awe. These three effective groups 
were modeled by Mr. Bela L. Pratt, of Boston. 

The arched feature that distinguishes the e. facade has been 
discarded on the other three sides and the square opening treat- 
ment has been introduced. Around the entire building runs a Cor- 
inthian cornice, supporting a balustrade, and above each column 
a pedestal serves as a decorative base for a flagstaff. The doors 
in the corner pavilions are especially worthy of note, being a 
sympathetic adaptation of a celebrated ancient door that is still 
in existence in Athens. 

Exhibits. 

The fact that the Electricity building was made a companion 
to the Education building is significant. In no other branch 
of scientific work is the brain of man so keenly alive. The progress 
that has been made in electrical appliances and discoveries during 
the past ten years is little short of marvelous. All the wonders of 
the potent fluid will be demonstrated in this building. The display 
of vehicles, tools and instruments to be operated by electricity is 
interesting in the extreme; yet far more interesting is the "live" 
exhibit. Every variety of machine for generating electricity may 
be examined while at rest or observed while in operation. All 
the best makes of dynamos and motors are here. The application 
of the motor to every variety of machine is shown also. 

A display that concerns not only the student of science, but 
the general public as well, is that of street cars in operation. 
Daily tests are being made for speed and conservation of energy. 
Controllers, automatic brakes and fenders are shown. 

In this building the public have opportunity to see the work- 
ings of the wireless telegraph and telephone. From the largest 
wireless telegraph station ever erected, the visitor may send a 
message to his friends at home. The telephone, without any 
metallic connection, is in operation between the two extreme ends 
of the building. 

An exhibit that is of vital interest to the medical profession 
is that of electrical instruments and appliances for the treatment 
of disease. X-ray machines, Finsen lights, that give off actinic 
rays, and many other innovations in the realm of electro- 
therapeutics, are here demonstrated. The most marvelous 
instrument of all is the acoustican, an electrical contrivance that 
performs the functions of the ear, so that by its use the deaf may 
hear. 

An interesting retrospective exhibit is that of Thomas A. 
Edison, who has brought together the crude beginnings of the 
incandescent lamp, the phonograph and many of his other 
inventions. The chauffeur will be especially interested in Edison's 
long-promised storage battery, a satisfactory combination of 
lightness and high discharge rates, that is exhibited here for the 
first time. 



FINE ARTS BUILDING. 



At the summit of Art Hill, the loftiest site in the entire Expo- 
sition grounds, stands the Fine Arts building, a fitting location for 
the edifice that was erected to give shelter to the highest expres- 
sion of the human mind. The structure is composed of three 
pavilions, the central one of which is of Bedford stone and 
pressed brick and is to remain as a permanent monument of the 
great Exposition. It is 348 feet long by 166 feet deep, and its 
main hall was designed somewhat along the lines of one of the 
monumental rooms in the Roman baths. Gigantic arches of brick 
support the vaulted roof that is pierced by semi-circular windows. 

This very impressive hall contains the international collection 
of sculpture, and is flanked by alcoves filled with sculptural and 
architectural ornament. Beyond the sculpture hall, to the e. and 
the w., stretch the galleries that are devoted to the triumph of 
American painting of the past decade. The American work is 
divided into two distinct classes, that in the w. tier of galleries 
being the work of men who were trained in the schools of Paris 
and Rome, while that in the e. tier shows the influence of German, 
English and Dutch training. 

Architecture. 

The exterior of this building is treated along the lines of 
Gra^co-Roman architecture. The central portion is accentuated 
by a beautiful Corinthian colonnade. The sides of the facade are 
more quiet in treatment, being enriched by four niches that contain 
marble figures. These statues are by Daniel French, Louis St. 
Gaudens, Charles Grafly and Philip Martiny, and are symbolic 
of Sculpture, Painting, Truth and Nature. 

Sculpture. 

The six figures in limestone that adorn the porch are: Egyptian 
Art, by Jaegers; Renaissance Art, by Tefft; Gothic Art, by Gellert; 
Oriental Art, by Linder; Classic Art, by Elwell, and Modern Art, 
by Hamann. The face of the wall is adorned by 22 medallions 
in bas-relief, the work of O. Piccirilli and G. T. Brewster. The 
griffins and centaurs by Proctor and the splendid bronze of 
''Inspiration" by O'Connor that surmounts the gable of the building 
complete the sculptural decorations. 

Exhibits. 

The two side wings, each 204 feet long by 422 feet deep and 
separated from the main building by walks 44 feet wide, are de- 
voted to the exhibits of foreign artists. In the w. pavilion are the 
works of the French and other nations that express the Greek 
and Latin influence in the dominion of art. In the e. pavilion are 
the works of the Anglo-Saxon nations, those that show the effect of 
the German spirit and ideals. These side pavilions are so 
arranged, with regard to position and lighting of the galleries, that 
they are ideal exposition structures. Their exterior decoration 
consists of the beautiful Graeco-Roman Ionic order that accentuates 
and dignifies the entrances. The facades on the court are treated 
in a more decorative spirit. The great round arches of the wall 
are crowned by elaborate frieze and cornice that are highly colored, 
in the style of the early Italian and Spanish Renaissance as 
exemplified in the works of the Delia Robbia family. 

This profusion of ornament and warm color lends an air of 
brightness and joyousness to the whole court. The permanent 
Art building, with its two temporary wings, was designed by Mr. 

— 81 — 



Cass Gilbert, the eminent New York architect. The inner walls 
are covered with burlap in rich tones, and the decorative frieze 
in the main building, the creation of Mr. Louis J. Millet, is ex- 
ceptionally beautiful. The wall decorations in the side pavilions 
were done by the nations making the exhibits. 

Sculpture Pavilion. 

Between the wings at the s. of the main pavilion is located 
the structure that is filled with foreign sculpture. The addition 
to this fourth pavilion was made necessary by the great demands 
of foreign nations for space. Accordingly, a separate sculpture 
pavilion was designed by Mr. E. L. Masqueray. It is a simple, 
well-proportioned structure consisting of a large room, terminated 
at each end by a monumental hemic ycle, especially adapted for 
the exhibition of the modern masterpieces of sculpture. The 
whole interior is flooded with light from numerous clear story 
windows. 

The Palace of Fine Arts is set on a magnificent terrace, 
surrounded by a classic balustrade that imparts a feeling of 
dignity and reserve consonant with the abode of Art. The court 
is filled with blooming plants and fountains, and affords a 
charming retreat for those who love to linger among the master- 
pieces of modern sculpture and painting. 

FORESTRY, FISH AND GAME BUILDING. 



At the foot of Agricultural Hill stands the smallest of the 
large exhibit palaces, a structure that is but 300 by (500 feet in 
area, yet that has called forth much praise from architectural 
experts. The exhibit of Forestry, Fish and Game is not one that 
would suggest a festive or highly decorated abode. The thing 
most needed was a substantial, well-lighted building, and this 
the architect, Mr. E. L. Masqueray, has provided. Like the 
Palaces of Agriculture and Horticulture, its plain surfaces were 
designed to receive fresco decorations typical of the exhibits within. 

Architecture. 

The building consists of two wide halls 80 by 300 feet, running 
e. and w. and tied by a lower structure, the center of which is 
a nave 80 feet wide by 220 feet long. The architectural scheme 
consists of very wide glass openings under which are smaller doors 
that give easy access to all parts of the building. 

Exhibits. 

For convenience, the exhibit of Forestry has been combined 
with those of Fish and Game, a small portion of the building 
being given up to displays of the economic uses of forest trees for 
building purposes, for woodenware, wood pulp and valuable 
liquids such as turpentine and wood alcohol. There are beautiful 
colored transparencies, illustrating the wonders of the American 
forest, arranged in an arcade that is a gem of artistic construction. 

The outdoor Forestry display comprises about 15 acres, and 
illustrates the work of the Bureau of Forestry in preserving 
and handling the native forests. The methods of tree planting 
and growing, for the farm and the treeless sections of the country, 
are demonstrated. 

To the public at large, the exhibit of living Fish and Game is 
of more interest than is that of Forestry. The great aquarium, 
190 feet long and 35 feet wide, occupies the e. end ot the Forestry, 
Fish and Game Pavilion. There are two lines of tanks, separated 

— 82 — 



by a L"i-foot aisle that leads through an illuminated grotto to the 
aquarium tiiat is filled with game fish. O.ie of the interesting 
exhibits is that of two pools containing beaver in their natural 
element and engaged in their characteristic occupation— that of 
cutting trees. There are other ponds, covered with wire netting, 
that are devoted to aquatic birds, and these have the proper 
environment of aquatic plants, rocks and stretches of sand. The 
4 Moot pool in the center is filled with salt water and is the home 
of sea-fish. The methods of hatching and salmon culture are 
fully demonstrated. 

In addition to the live game and fish exhibits, there are 
numerous cases of taxidermized specimens of game animals 
and fowls, and there is a large collection of photographs, oil 
paintings and drawings to supplement the more tangible specimens. 
The sportsmen should be especially interested in the display of 
fishing tackle and hunting equipment, including guns, camping 
outfits, decoys for the hunter, and the latest improvements in 
reels, artificial flies, nets and rigged boats for the angler. The 
weapons of the chase that are employed by the sportsmen of 
foreign countries are also fully exemplified. 

HORTICULTURE BUILDING. 



Directly s. of the great hall devoted to the agricultural display 
stands the Horticulture building. In general appearance, it is 
constructed in harmony with its larger neighbor. Its length from 
e. to w. is 800 feet, while its greatest depth is 400 feet. The 
central pavilion is 400 feet square, and the two projecting wings are 
each 200 by 204 feet. These wings are separated from the main 
pavilion by glass partitions and the floors are 9 feet lower than the 
floor of the central structure. This difference in elevation produces 
an effect that is strikingly imposing. 

Architecture. 

The main entrance to the building is at the center of the 
square pavilion and is in the form of a triumphal arch flanked by 
two light minarets. The corners are treated in the form of square 
pavilions that add much to the appearance of stability and dig- 
nity. Like the Agriculture building, this structure was designed 
primarily for the purpose of showing exhibits and handling crowds 
to the best possible advantage. Architect: Mr. E. L. Masqueray. 
The ornament of this structure is chiefly in the gorgeous gardens 
that surround it and the display of flowers and fruit within its 
walls. Its cost was $240,000. 

Table Fruit. 

The main central section of the Palace of Horticulture is de- 
voted entirely to fruit. The central area, 40,000 square feet, is 
given up to table exhibits, none of which are over 30 inches high. 
The object of this arrangement was to render the entire exhibit 
visible from any part of the hall. Lofty pyramidal displays occupy 
the space around this table display. There are no long aisles in 
the hall; but the exhibition space is cut up into various geometric 
shapes, with exhibits so planned that there is little danger of 
crowds congesting at any given point. For months before the 
opening of the Exposition, the preparations for exhibits in this 
department were in progress, and much of the finest fruit on 
display spent the winter in cold-storage. During the Exposition 
season, the fresh fruit must be changed daily, so that the exhibit 
is one of constantly varying interest. 

— 84 — 



Tropical Plants. 

The e. wing of the building is constructed almost entirely of 
glass and it forms a great, beautiful conservatory, that is filled 
with tropical plants. Here also are shown the methods of forcing 
vegetables and fruits during the part of the year when they can 
not be grown out of doors. In the basement is a steam-heating 
plant, and the conservatory is fitted with steam-pipes to supple- 
ment the heat received from the sun through the large areas 
of glass. 

Cold-Storage Plant. 

In another part of the basement is the cold-storage plant, 
where the fruits for exhibition purposes are kept until needed. 
Hence the cellar has a double wall packed with sawdust. The 
w. wing of the building contains a general horticultural display 
and an exhibit of horticultural implements and machinery. 
This department is fitted with galleries around three sides. Two 
of these galleries are used as restaurants where visitors may rest 
and refresh themselves while they are inspecting the exhibits. 

Rose Garden. 

The Horticultural exhibit is by no means all within the build- 
ing. The out-door exhibit covers an area of 50 acres. Six acres 
of this great garden are entirely in roses, making one of the most 
beautiful rose gardens ever planted. The space between the 
Palaces of Horticulture and Agriculture is laid out in decorative 
flower-beds that are maintained by the florists and nurserymen 
who have exhibits inside the two buildings. There are 25 acres in 
grasses of a multitude of varieties. More than 2 acres are 
devoted to water gardening. Here the most beautiful of the 
aquatic plants are grown — the hardy specimens that any amateur 
with a little pond in his back yard may raise, combined with the 
rarest and most delicate lilies and nymphasas of the tropics. (See 
article on "Notable Features.") 



LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING. 



Of the buildings devoted to the display of manufactured and 
artistic products, the Liberal Arts building is by far the most ornate. 
The Roman triumphal arch is its prominent feature, and there is 
something of Roman magnificence in its proportions and decora- 
tions. In outline it is a parallelogram, with an extreme length of 
750 feet, the shorter facade being 525 feet long. The main facade 
is on the transverse avenue, facing the Mines and Metallurgy build- 
ing. The central motif of this facade is an enormous arch, framed 
by beautiful columns of the Corinthian order, between which are 
pedestals, giving support to decorative groups of statuary. These 
groups are the work of Mr. George E. Bissell of New York. In 
one, consisting of four classic figures, the Spirit of Music stands 
erect and stately, while at her feet the cellist and the singer give 
heed to the conductor whose figure, as she lifts the baton in air, 
suggests a fine ecstasy of musical feeling. The other group, 
"Learning," is more placid. Athene occupies the dominant posi- 
tion, and the two figures at her feet are symbolic of concentration 
and research. Above the entablature is a richly decorated attic 
bearing the name of the building in relief lettering. Surmounting 
this attic is the splendid quadriga of Charles Lopez and F. G. R. 
Roth, with its attendant groups of three figures on each side. 

-85 — 



Architecture. 

The treatment: of the main entrance is repeated in somewhat 
smaller and simpler entrances at the corners of the building. 
These arches are connected by a colonnade of the Doric order, 
behind which the curtain wall is pierced by numerous decorative 
doors. Above these the architect reserved a broad space for a 
richly ornamental painted frieze. The corners of the building, 
between the minor entrances, are treated in the form of round 
pavilions in which the Doric order is used. Above the entablature 
is a round dome, decorated with ornamental ribs. The round 
French roof of the building is adorned with oak leaves and rich 
cresting, and further embellished with classic heads. 

Sculpture. 

The sculptured group that crowns the attic above two of the 
minor entrances is the beautiful "Apotheosis of Liberal Arts," 
by H. Linder. This group consists of three classic figures and 
two cherubs with numerous suggestive accessories. The central 
figure in the groups over the other minor entrances is Linder's 
"Torch-bearer," a strongly modeled figure. On the four corners 
of the attic are decorative figures of "Ceramics" and "Invention," 
by H. P. Pedersen. Over the entrances stands the beautiful, half- 
draped figure, by Charles Harvey, of a pottery decorator, holding 
in her hand a vase of classic shape. 

The w. facade, that looks toward the Palace of Manufactures, 
is composed of two motifs, connected by a Doric colonnade. The 
n. and e. facades are treated much more simply, having the central 
entrance as the prominent feature. On these two sides, large 
undecorated areas are to be found, while the other two sides 
present a continuous vista of ornamental beauties. 

In the designing of this structure the architects, Messrs. 
Barnett, Haynes & Barnett of St. Louis, made use of a style of 
architecture that was prominent in France during the eighteenth 
century, and especially during the reign of Louis XVI. It is an 
adaptation of the Roman triumphal arch for architectural pur- 
poses, and is most effective for exposition and other festive build- 
ings. The cost was $475,000. 

Exhibits. 

The triumphal arch through which the visitor enters the Palace 
of Liberal Arts seems to suggest the character of the display 
within the building. One of the most vitally interesting exhibits in 
the British section is that under the direction of Professor Dewar. 
This is a complete working plant for the reduction of hydrogen to 
a liquid. Here the properties of radium and helium are demon- 
strated and many of the recent marvels of science are shown. 

Photography, that has developed so astonishinglv within the 
past decade, holds a prominent place in this exhibit. Scarcely 
second to this in interest is the making of books. All the processes 
of printing, illustrating and binding are shown. The new machines 
for setting and casting type, that have made possible the great dail v 
newspapers, are here to be seen. Most interesting of all, there is 
a photo-engraving and electrotyping plant in full operation. 

The development of the piano, from the earliest crude instru- 
ment to the piano of to-day, forms a most attractive exhibit. The 
great organ in Festival Hall (see article on "Notable Features'"), 
the largest pipe-organ in the world, is classed as one of the exhibits 
of the Liberal Arts group. No less interesting than the exhibit of 
musical instruments is that of surgical appliances. A fully equipped 
modern hospital is part of this exhibit. 



MACHINERY BUILDING. 



The structure that closes the main picture of the Exposition 
on the s. w. is the Palace of Machinery, a building that is easily 
recognized by its assemblage of turrets and belfries, the roofs 
colored in subdued tones of green and violet. In the group of 
exhibit palaces that occupy the fan-shaped area n. of the 
Cascades, this structure corresponds to the Palace of Mines at the 
s. e. In area it is 525 by 1,000 feet, although the floor space is 
somewhat less than that, since the character of the building site 
made it necessary to cut a small quadrangle from the s. w. corner. 
This fact, however, is not apparent from the n. and e. sides of the 
palace. 

The general aspect of the structure is that of a great railway 
station, of the type popular on the continent and especially in 
Germany. The fact of its appearance is explained when we learn 
that this building was at first intended for the Palace of Transpor- 
tation. When the vast number of applications for exhibit space 
came in, it was found that the transportation display would require 
a much larger area. Hence the enormous palace directly n. or the 
original Transportation building was designed, and this one, with 
its interesting array of German Renaissance towers, was made the 
Machinery building. 

Architecture. 

In its architectural features, the Palace of Machinery is com- 
posite, the classic order being used only in the entrance and corner 
treatment. The order used is the Corinthian, and the more richly 
decorated parts are tied together by a lower row of arches. The 
most attractive bit of architectural decoration is the main entrance 
on the n. facade. It is a beautifully vaulted vestibule, the vault 
being formed by five flat domes that are separated by wide semi- 
circular arches. The entrance is flanked by two handsome towers 
that are crowned by decorative pavilions, in which the composite 
order is used. These pavilions are finished with square dome-like 
roofs that give the general appearance of highly ornate belfries. 
From the floor to the top of the tallest towers is 200 feet. This 
tower motif is repeated at the corners of the building, the other 
towers being but 150 feet high. 

Sculpture. 

The e. entrance is decorated with beautiful arches, and the 
pointed pediment is enriched by a splendid sculptural composi- 
tion. This tympanum ornament, entitled "Labor and Care," is 
the work of that gifted young sculptor, Fernando Miranda. 
Around the entire building runs a decorative balustrade, that is 
broken at regular intervals by pedestals that support flag-poles. 
The sculptural decorations for the roof-line are especially interest- 
ing. Over the n. and e. entrances are the "Shield Holders," by 
Adolph A. Weinmann, two exquisitely modeled boy figures sup- 
porting the shield that bears the machinery symbol. The span- 
drels that fill the space at both sides of the arched entrances are 
exceptionally delicate and beautiful in line. Those over the main 
entrances were done by Miss Melva Beatrice Wilson. The eight 
spandrels that constitute the chief ornament of the w. facade were 
the creation of Anton Schaaf. The allegorical composition of 
"Light," by F. H. Frolich, and the mightly "Atlas," the sphere of 
the heavens on his shoulders, modeled by Hinton R. Perry, com- 
plete the sculptural decorations. Above the entrances are the 
names of the world's greatest inventors, from Archimedes to Hoe. 

The treatment of the w. elevation is different from that of the 



other three. It is near the power plant, which must really be con- 
sidered a part of the machinery exhibit, and from this direction all 
the heavy exhibits gained entrance to the building. For this 
reason the delicate arch treatment was abandoned and wide open- 
ings, crowned by circular arches, were used instead. 
Exhibits. 

In the w. wing is located the enormous power plant for the 
entire Exposition, a plant that supplies eleven times as much 
power as was delivered to the Pan-American Exposition by the 
wonderful Niagara Falls plant. 

The main hall is given up to exhibits of machinery, tools and 
all the accessories of the modern power plant. Of especial interest 
is the group of machines used in wood work, from those that carve 




"FISHERIES." (Side Cascades.) 
By Isidore Konti. 
out the most delicate grill to the enormous mills that are required 
for reducing to lumber the gigantic trees of California. Here also 
are exhibited the pumps that cause 90,000 gallons of water per 
minute to flow over the Cascades. A hydraulic press, constructed 
by the Krupp Company at Essen, Germany, exerts a pressure of 
90,000 pounds to the square inch. This interesting machine is used 
for embossing metals. Near by are lathes for turning out the 
tiniest screws of a watch and those that produce the enormous 
shafts of an ocean vessel. 

These interesting machines may be seen in actual operation, 
many of them giving the impression of almost human intelligence. 

The architects of this most pleasing building, which cost $496,- 
600, are Messrs. Widman, Walsh & Boisselier of St. Louis. 



MANUFACTURES BUILDING. 



The large areas to the e. and w. of the Plaza of St. Louis are 
occupied by two buildings, equal in area and somewhat similar in 
general outline, as they are in purpose. These are the Manu- 
factures and Varied Industries buildings. The line of demarkation 
between the exhibits housed by these two spacious halls is so fine 
that it is not at once apparent. In the former the finished product 
alone is displayed, the product that is purely utilitarian in its 
nature. In the latter both the product and the process are to be 
seen, and the element of the artistic is made a factor. The object 
exhibited must be decorative as well as useful. 

Architecture. 

In the architecture of the Manufactures building, we find a 
splendid modern adaptation of the Corinthian order, the order 
that has so many charming expressions in the main picture of 
the Exposition. In area it covers about 14 acres, its n. facade 
being 1,200 feet long, while its depth is 525 feet. These shorter 
facades employ, as an architectural decoration, the Corinthian 
colonnade, above which is an entablature, the frieze being richly 
ornamented in Greek design. The entrances are enormous triumphal 
arches, flanked by pairs of Corinthian columns, supporting broken 
entablatures that are surmounted by decorative groups. 

Sculpture. 

The three figures on the pylons are the work of Isidore Konti, 
and are symbolic of the progress of manufactures. The central, 
winged figure holds, in her outstretched hand, a small winged 
sphere. Her two seated companions, the male figure in mechanic's 
garb and the female figure in classic dress and contemplating a bit 
of classic pottery, seem to typify the crude and the fine in manu- 
factures. The real festive touch is added to the building by the 
stately quadriga that crowns the attic above each of the main 
entrances. 

The treatment of the corners is interesting in that it consists 
of round pavilions above which rise flat domes covered with a 
scale-like roof. The corner entrances lead into beautiful circular 
vestibules, having galleries at the line of the second story. The 
windows are especially worthy of notice. In their construction the 
Roman claustra are introduced with markedly beautiful effect. 

The n. and s. facades show a succession of very deep Roman 
arches, each one leading to a richly ornamented door in the 
curtain wall. These doors are surmounted by splendid windows. 
The main entrance is in the center of the s. facade, facing the 
lagoon. It is in reality a gigantic niche, framed by a magnificent 
architectural composition and crowned by a stately quadriga. 
Within this niche is Michael Tonetti's charming "Victory," a figure 
that is full of motion and grace, as she poises one foot lightly on 
the globe, extending with her right hand the conqueror's wreath of 
bay. So replete is this niche with decorative detail that the lover 
of the beautiful must fain regret that there are exhibits of manu- 
factured products inside the building to demand his attention. 
The niche is provided with three entrances, the middle one of 
which affords access to the main vestibule, leading directly to the 
round central court. This court is surrounded by a vaulted pas- 
sage, the arched roof being carried by a row of Ionic columns. In 
the court the most interesting portion of the French exhibit 
occupies a long gallery. The superb fountains in front of this 
building, with their plunging sea-horses and their presiding deities, 
Neptune and Venus, were modeled by Philip Martiny of New York. 

— 90 — 



Exhibits. 

Passing from the contemplation of the architectural and sculp- 
tural beauties of this palace, one finds himself in a miniature city 
of wonders. For the convenience of visitors, the interior of the 
building has been laid out in regular avenues, each block num- 
bered, so that any given exhibit may be located with ease. The 
displays are divided into two general classes, hardware and 
textiles. In the w. half of the spacious hall may be found a most 
astonishing collection of cutlery, lighting devices such as do not 
require electricity, and heating devices. Here also is the vast 
exhibit of woodenware and pottery. Especial attention is called to 
the exhibit from Mexico, by far the largest and most comprehen- 
sive that that country has ever made. In the e. half of the build- 
ing is an exhibit that all the ladies and most of the men will be 
interested in. It is a sumptuous display of gowns, not draped over 
dummies with wax faces, but on the living model. The collections 
of embroideries, laces and art needlework are exceptionally 
beautiful. 

A day spent in the Manufactures building will give the visitor 
a faint comprehension of the importance of manufacturing in the 
United States. A little more than half of this great hall is filled 
with native products, and even this space was found wholly 
inadequate to meet the demand. The space was applied for eight 
times over, and of the firms desiring to exhibit the products 
of their factories, only about one-fifth could be accommodated. 
Hence only the best and the most interesting were accepted. 

MINES AND METALLURGY BUILDING. 



At the extreme s. e. corner of the main group of exhibit build- 
ings stands the Mines and Metallurgy building, a structure 
destined to attract much attention because it is so utterly unlike 
its neighbors. Its architecture has been called "Secessionist," 
since it seems to be a revolt against the classic that has always 
been regarded as the proper thing for exposition structures. It has 
also been called "L'Art Nouveau." Neither in the decorations nor 
in the lines of this palace is there anything to remind one of the 
untrammeled curves of the modern style of ornament. Indeed, the 
Mines and Metallurgy building is very old art, with a strong flavor 
of the Egyptian, a goodly hint of Assyrian and a bit of pure Greek. 
The combination is the only thing about it that is new. 

Architecture. 

In area this palace is 525 by 750 feet, thus furnishing a ground 
floor surface of about 265,000 square feet for exhibits. The cur- 
tain wall is set back 20 feet from the facade, forming a covered 
loggia that encloses three sides of the building. 

Mr. Theodore C. Link of St. Louis, who designed this highlv 
original structure, set to work with the idea of producing not an 
imitation of massive stone to be carried out in wood and staff, but 
an exposition building that should be frankly a building of wood 
and staff, constructed along purely decorative lines. The surfaces 
were further designed for the reception of color, and, had the 
original plans been carried out. the exterior of this palace would 
have presented a polychrome effect, even more striking than the 
result that we see. As the structure stands, it is interesting in the 
highest degree. 

Sculpture. 

The architectural scheme consists of monumental entrances, 
flanked by richly decorated obelisks. Around three facades runs 



a portico, the roof of which is supported by massive square pillars, 
intersected by pairs of small engaged columns. These columns 
rest on a very high base that is ornamented with figures in bas- 
relief, suggestive of the various phases of mining. The capitals of 
the columns are Byzantine in character. The square pillars are 
also adorned with designs in bas-relief and the capitals are sugges- 
tive of the Ionic capital. The small doorways are surmounted by 
sculptured figures and rich vases in alternation. Over the main 
entrance is an enormous dome, in the form of a flattened sphere, 
surrounded by figures that are symbolic of the forces of the earth. 
The colossal torch-bearers and their attendant genii were modeled 
by Mr. R. Schwarz of Indianapolis. He also made the beautiful 
bas-reliefs for the four obelisks at the n. and w. entrances. Across 
the main facade, between the columns, are Mr. F. W. Ruckstuhl's 
four splendid figures, representing "Coal," "Iron," "Gold" and 




"CUPIDS AND FISH." (Side Cascades.) 
By Isidore Konti. 

"Copper." Above the frieze line is the strong modeling of Mr. 
Charles J. Mulligan, one of whose figures is the touching "Miner's 
Farewell to His Child." The frieze that adorns the screen wall 
behind the columns was the work of Mr. Theodore Baur of New 
York. 

The most remarkable thing about this most remarkable of all 
the Exposition buildings is that, with so many varieties of archi- 
tecture in its composition, it should present the effect of unity. 
Yet this it does, the Egyptian, Byzantine and Greek elements 
having been brought together and harmonized by treatment and feel- 
ing that are wholly modern. 

This building seems peculiarly suited to the exhibit it contains. 
There is something deep and mysterious about it. Its very appear- 
ance suggests a problem to be solved, and invites the beholder to 
delve and learn what is within. 

Exhibits. 

The 9 acres of floor space in this building are occupied by 
exhibits that illustrate the mineral resources of the world and the 
mechanical devices for handling them. From the methods of the 
geological survey to the practical work of an assay er's laboratory, 

— 93 — 



the entire equipment and process of removing the mineral from 
the earth to the market is practically demonstrated. 

The collections of mineral products, including crude ore, build- 
ing stones, fuel products, precious gems, asbestos and other non- 
metallic minerals, clay and oil, are of infinite value to the student 
as well as the man who seeks only the commercial aspect of the 
mining problem. One section of the exhibit is devoted to maps, 
charts and photographs illustrating features of topography and 
their relation to the mineral deposits. Here also are models of 
mines and their adjuncts, pictures of mining camps and operative 
processes. The foreign exhibits are exceptionally large and inter- 
esting. 

The Gulch. 

To the miner and the student, the collection within the four 
walls of the building would be well worth a trip to the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition; but to the general public the exhibit outside 
the building is far more attractive. In the rear of the palace is 
the Gulch, a ravine 1,200 feet long, embracing about 13 acres. 
Here the actual work of mining in all its phases is carried on. At 
the end of this ravine is the Cement House. So important is 
cement to the modern builder that the twentieth, century has been 
termed the Age of Cement. Near this building, constructed 
entirely of cement and containing practical exhibits of the prepar- 
ing and using of cement, is the pottery where the whole process of 
making earthenware, from the grinding of the clay to the final 
decoration, is shown. In the Gulch, the visitor may inspect an 
actual coal mine, an oil well in operation and a gold mill where the 
precious ore is being crushed, collected and treated with chemicals 
so that none of the yellow riches shall escape. On the side of the 
ravine is a miner's cabin, beneath which is a turquoise mine, and a 
lapidary is kept busy preparing the blue gems for the market. 

PHYSICAL CULTURE EXHIBIT. 



Among the many unique features of the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition, none is hailed with greater welcome than the Physical 
Culture exhibit. The training of the body has come to rank side 
by side, in the modern college course, with the training of the 
mind. The old maxim, "Mens sana in corpore sano," is gaining 
favor the world over. Hence the advocates of "a sound mind in 
a sound body" have responded in full force to the Exposition's 
invitation to demonstrate to the world the value of athletic training. 

Gymnasium. 

For this department it was not necessary to erect a building. 
The best that cculd be desired was ready to hand, having been con- 
structed for Washington University at a cost of $140,000. The 
gymnasium stands at the extreme w. limit of the group of college 
buildings, and in architecture it is Tudor-Gothic like the others. 
Like them, it is built of pink granite with cut-limestone trimmings; 
but it is taller than the others, being three and four stories high, 
whereas the class-room buildings have but two stories above the 
basement. At the sides of the splendid Gothic arch that forms the 
entrance arise two broad, imposing square towers from which the 
flags of the various athletic associations are displayed during the 
progress of games. The gymnasium is a perfectly lighted room, 
106 feet long by 70 feet wide, with a ceiling 40 feet high. Most 
important among its equipment is an elevated running track of 18 
laps to the mile. Here also are bowling alleys, hand-ball courts, 

— 94 — 



and, in fact, all the appliances and furnishings of a complete 
gymnasium. 

Stadium. 

For outdoor sports, the Stadium, with a seating capacity of 25,- 
000, has been provided. The athletic field is amply large for base- 
ball, football and pony polo; indeed, it has the largest athletic 
track ever built. 

Olympic Games. 

During the Exposition period, games will be in progress con- 
tinuously; but the most important feature is the Olympic Games, 
this being the third Olympic meet since the revival of the old 
Greek athletic festival. The other contests were held in Athens 
in 1896 and Paris in 1900. Picked athletes have come to St. Louis 
from all over the civilized world, and during the month of August 
the course of lectures on Physical Culture will prove of extraor- 
dinary interest. 

TRANSPORTATION BUILDING. 



The largest of the Exposition palaces, with the exception of the 
one devoted to Agriculture, is the Transportation building. It 
occupies the n. w. corner of the section covered by the principal 
exhibit buildings, with Administration av. on the n. and University 
av. a little way to the w. In area it is 525 by 1,300 feet, and in 
appearance it is so thoroughly suggestive of the exhibit it was 
designed to hold that to many it is the most satisfactory structure in 
the group. The architect has obtained his decorative effect by the 
opposition of sculptural groups and plain surfaces rather than by 
the use of architectural members derived from one of the classic 
orders. 

Architecture and Sculpture. 

The effect of this treatment is one of massiveness and dignity, 
such as is consistent with the character and proportions of an 
exhibit of the means of transportation. The e. and w. elevations 
show a most striking architectural adornment in the form of three 
colossal arches, each 6-4 feet in diameter, separated by strong, 
square pylons that are richly decorated at the top. At the bases 
of these pylons are block pedestals supporting seated figures that 
are emblematic of transportation whether by rail or by water. 
Above the arches runs a curved entablature that affords space for 
highly decorative sculptural motifs. The colossal male and female 
figures, one at each side of a decorative shield, were modeled by 
Mr. H. Weihle. The seated figures were modeled by George 
Julian Zolnay. The figures that crown the pylons, and are 
emblematic of Speed, are the work of F. F. Horter. The other 
sculptural decorations were done by F. H. Packer and William 
Sievers. The three arches of the e. and w. facades form a gigantic 
porch that is flanked by round towers from which rise round 
pylons, the total height of these corner towers being 150 feet. The 
pylon is crowned by majestic eagles that bear on their backs the 
hollow sphere of the universe within which is suspended the solid 
globe of the earth. Around these pylons at the top of the towers 
are the graceful figures of classic maidens bearing the emblems of 
transportation. 

The n. and s. elevations are a succession of very large glass 
openings that afford an abundance of light for the interior of the 
enormous palace. In the original design, the end motif was 



repeated in the center of the s. facade, thus breaking up the long, 
plain area of simple glass openings. Tne architecture is an adap- 
tation of the style that prevailed in France at the time of the Loui- 
siana Purchase, the era of Louis XVI. 

Exhibits. 

In this building there are four miles of railroad track, fourteen 
tracks crossing from the arched entrances on the w. to those on 
the e. In addition to this enormous space for the display of such 
conveyances as can be handled only on rails, there are 270,000 
square feet of space for other exhibits that include every known 
vehicle from the mediaeval coach to air-ships. Here also are the 
models of sea-going vessels, full-rigged yachts and men-of-war. 
Among these water-craft is the historical display of Mississippi 
River boats from the earliest models to the type of steamer now in 
use. 

Another retrospective exhibit is that of the Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad. In this collection of engines and coaches there is a com- 
plete evolution of the railroad train, showing the crude, clumsy 
carriages of almost a century ago, peopled with figures of con- 
ductors and passengers. One of the topics of this exhibit is a 
miniature reproduction of the splendid Baltimore & Ohio station at 
Washington, D. C. 

A little distance removed from the antiquated coaches and 
engines stand the two finest and most luxuriously equipped trains 
ever built. 

There are interesting exhibits of electric cars, motor cycles and 
automobiles, especially those designed for heavy traffic. For the 
benefit of both the student and the practical manufacturer, the 
Pennsylvania Railroad has established, as a part of its exhibit, a 
laboratory for testing locomotives, the tests to be carried on 
throughout the Exposition period. 

The most striking feature of the exhibit is an enormous engine, 
its wheels moving at a high rate of speed, and supported by an 
elevated steel turn-table that revolves slowly and continuously. 
This exhibit is so placed that it may be seen from each of the sixty 
doors of the building. The designer of the Transportation build- 
ing is Mr. E. L. Masqueray. The building cost $700,000. 

VARIED INDUSTRIES BUILDING. 



As the visitor enters the grounds from the n., he has on his 
right a spacious hall, richly embellished with sculptural decora- 
tions and columns. This building, the companion-piece to the 
Hall of Manufactures, gives shelter to the collections of exhibits 
grouped under the head of Varied Industries. This exhibit is an 
enormous and magnificent "show window," a display of infinite 
variety and charm, which makes its appeal to the strain in our 
natures that causes us to stop, in the midst of the hurry of life, 
to gaze in upon an artistically arranged display of jewels or gowns. 
The architects are Messrs. Van Brunt & Howe, of Kansas City. 
The ground-plan is 1,200 by 525 feet, making the area about the 
same as that of the Manufactures building. According to the 
original plan, there was to have been a magnificent central court, 
given up to decorative gardens; but the lack of space, even in this 
enormous structure, with its 656,000 square feet of area, made it 
necessary to encroach upon the court. Here a number of small 
decorative pavilions have been erected for the accommodation of 
foreign exhibitors. 

- 00 — 



Architecture. 

In this building we find the Ionic order of architecture, of 
smaller dimensions than those used in the Corinthian buildings at 
the e. side of the Plaza and Grand Basin. The structure rests 
upon a very high base that is intersected at regular intervals by 
arches so as to form a running arcade. 

Sculpture. 

The central motif of the facade that faces the main avenue is 
composed of a lolty arch, flanked by Ionic columns which support 
a rich pediment. The sculptured figures for this pediment were 
modeled by Mr. Clement J. Barnborn, of New York. This is the 
most elaborate tympanum group in the entire sculptural scheme 
of the Exposition. It consists of a central female figure, whose 
position, as she places the laurel upon the brow of the two toilers 
beside her, suggests her character of compensating victory. Four 
other figures accommodate themselves to the area beneath the 
sloping roof of the pediment. On the right, the spinner with her 
wheel is followed by the reclining figure of the agriculturist. On the 
left, the potter with his wheel is succeeded by the conception of 
moisture and fertility in the form of a reclining maiden whose arm 
rests upon a Greek vase from which a stream of living water flows 
Above this pediment are two graceful towers, the treatment of 
which gives a suggestion of Spanish architecture. The w. portal is 
notable for its elaborate fresco painting, a stvle of decoration 
which should have adorned all the entrances, but which the 
officials found it necessary to abandon. 

The s. or main facade, which is a bent instead of a straight line, 
has a unique central motif, which is really an innovation and is 
quite exposition-like in character. It is a colonnade that is swung 
out from the main line of the building, forming an open court in 
front of the main entrance. The seven splendid Ionic columns are 
crowned by an entablature, and above each column stands a repro- 
duction of Mr. B. L. Zimm's classic "Torch-bearer." The 
colonnade is terminated by two massive pylons, surmounted by 
gigantic lions, the creation of Mr. F. W. Ruckstuhl, formerly of 
St. Louis. The tympanum over the s. entrance, a beautiful com- 
position of three female figures, is the work of Mr. Douglas Tilden. 
the deaf sculptor of California. The entrance is crowned by a 
dome of magnificent proportions. This dome effect is repeated al 
the four corners, above the stately arches that pierce the corner 
pavilions. Below the curved roof runs an open balustrade, inter- 
spersed with pedestals for flag-staffs. The roof is finished bv a 
rich parapet wall. The total cost of this structure was 9650,000. 

Exhibits. 

Among the myriads of interesting and artistic objects on dis- 
play in the Palace of Varied Industries, one that must attract 
general attention is the Japanese temple, not in a reduced model, 
but the actual building, just as it was used in Japan. 

The reproduction of King Edwards yacht, in the British sec- 
tion, vies with the English textile mills for popularity. In the 
latter exhibit, the guest may watch the whole process of the manu- 
facture of cloth. A curious object of interest, from Scotland, is a 
perfect model of a locomotive engine, composed entirely of hollow 
glass rods. For decorative embellishment, the enormous section 
devoted to Germany's exhibits surpasses all the other sections in 
this building. 



98 




The pavilions of the foreign nations are located, generally, to 
the w. of the main picture and just s. and e. of Administration 
group of buildings. Germany towers aloft e. of the Grand Basin 
on a continuation of Art Hill. The pavilions are here described in 
alphabetical order, and reference is made also to the nations which, 
while represented at the Exposition, have not erected buildings. 

ARGENTINE PAVILION. 

The attractive pavilion located on the high ground beyond the 
Austrian building is the center of much of South America's social 
Exposition life. It is the structure erected by the Argentine Repub- 
lic, and it was designed as an Exposition home for visiting tourists 
from the sister republics of the South. 

The architecture is especially beautiful, being a reproduction of 
the two upper stories of the government palace at Buenos Ayres. 
The apartments that are sst aside as private offices for the com- 
missioners and rest-rooms for visitors, are arranged around a great 
central court room that is the scene of much southern gayety. 

The semi-tropical garden surrounding the pavilion affords a 
perfect setting for this charming picture of South American archi-. 
tecture and society. 

The interior decorations are warm and rich in color and the 
handsome furnishings were all brought from Argentine. 

AUSTRIAN PAVILION. 

The last foreign building on the right as the visitor approaches 
the Administration building is the unique and altogether interesting 
Austrian pavilion, a building that must attract attention, because 
it is so utterly different from those that surround it. It is a broad 
structure with two long balconies stretching to the e. and the w. 
from the central hall. These are decorated in the Austrian style of 
the new decorative art that in France goes by the name of "L'Art 
Nouveau," and in Germany is called "Moderne Kunst." In this 
mural decoration, that consists of female figures bearing various 
suggestive emblems in their hands, it is easy to see the origin of the 
untrammeled curves that characterize all the Art Nouveau, these 
curves having been suggested by the waves of the sea. 

The pavilion itself, designed by Ludwig Baumann of Vienna, 
and erected at a cost of $50,000, is an example of the extremely 
modern style of the Viennese builders' art. The furnishings are 
likewise of the very latest type. These are rich and elegant, and 

— 100 — 



are especially interesting to those of us in America who have heen 
denied an opportunity to see tlie highest embodiment of L'Art 
Nouveau on its native soil. For this modern development of 
decoration has attained a popularity and freedom in Austria such 

as it has had nowhere 
else. The furnish- 
ings were selected and 
arranged by Sandor 
Jaray, Court Deco- 
rator of the Austrian 
Imperial Court. 

The central apart- 
ment, into which the 
main entrance opens, 
is a grand reception- 
hall, containing a 
splendid bust of Efla- 
peror Francis Joseph 
and some other nota- 
ble works of art. To 
the left of the hall is 
the drawing-room, 
and to the right a 
mode] library and 
reading-room. The 
apartments behind 
these three are under 
the supervision of the 
chief constructive 
engineer of the Aus- 
trian rail and water- 
way system, Herr 
Hugo Koestler of 
Vienna. This exhibit 
consists of panoramic 
views, photographs 
and models of the 
railroad system, and 
also of the new canal 
that is destined to pro- 
duce such wide-reach- 
ing effect on Austrian 
commerce. There is 
also a gallery of 
applied art, showing 
the marvelous skill of 
the craftsman in a 
land where the work 
of the hands has al- 
ways been prized. 
The rest of the build- 
ing is devoted to the 
painters of Austria, 
four large salons be- 
ing filled with their 
pictures. 

An interesting point 
in connection with 
these salons is the fact 
that each one was furnished, decorated and, in fact, designed by an 
architect and officer of the Art Society whose work is shown on its 

— 102 — 




"GOTHIC ART." 
Entrance Fine Arts Building 
By Johann Gelert. 



walls. The Hagebund of Vienna commissioned Joseph Urban to 
plan its exhibit and design its apartment. The Sztuka Society, that 
is composed of the modern Polish painters, placed I'rof. Axentowitz 
in charge of its salon. The Bohemian painters were represented 
by Prof. Jan Kotera, and Das Kunstler-Haus of Vienna sent as 
its representative Architect Bernt. The result of this arrange- 
ment is that a pleasing variety in these art galleries is to be 
felt. The paintings that cover the walls of these four galleries are 
so full of strong artistic feeling, and so entirely characteristic of the 
four widely dissimilar elements that go to make up the population 
of Austria, that this building, even without its unique architecture 
and its wonderful engineering and mechanical display, must prove 
one of the most popular among the foreign buildings. 

BRAZILIAN PAVILION. 

Among the buildings erected by foreign governments, there are 
few that attract so much attention as that erected by Brazil. This 
structure is not in any sense a reproduction of southern architecture. 
It is purely a decorative exposition palace, constructed of wood and 
staff, and in general its architecture is French Renaissance. It is 
much taller than most of the foreign buildings, being a two-story 
structure on a very high base and crowned by a lofty dome, a total 
height of 138 feet. In the e. and w. facades the loggia is the leading 
architectural feature. This is enclosed by a colonnade of stately 
Corinthian columns, adorned with the shield of Brazil in relief. The 
cactus wreath plays an important part in all the decoration of this 
building. The n. and s. facades have magnificent entrances that 
are reached by broad stairways. These entrances are flanked by 
pairs of Corinthian columns, above which is a very rich entablature. 
The stairway is guarded by a pair of superb lions. 

The interior of the building is quite as attractive as the exte- 
rior. The lower floor is given up to the exploitation of coffee 
culture. Every stage in the growth and preparation of this very 
necessary adjunct of American life is demonstrated. Best of all, 
one entire loggia is given up to the serving of the delicious bev- 
erage. 

The second floor is fitted with office and reception-rooms, and 
is reached by two open curving stairways that ascend from the 
main hall, one at each side of the south entrance. From the 
second floor another stairway ascends to the dome, around which 
runs a gallery that affords an excellent view of the Exposition 
grounds. 

The coffee plants and the beautiful palms that fill the two 
loggias were brought from Brazil. Surrounding the building are 
decorative beds of tropical plants. 

The main hall, with its two beautiful loggias, is 192 feet long, 
and the extreme depth of the building is 135 feet. It was erected at 
a cost of $130,000, and is a splendid monument to Brazilian enter- 
prise. The general design for this pavilion was made by Col. F. M. 
Sousa Aguiar, President of the Brazilian Commission. 

BELGIAN PAVILION. 

The pavilion erected by Belgium is one of the most imposing 
and interesting of the foreign government buildings. It is sur- 
rounded on three sides by the pavilions of Italy, Brazil and China, 
and faces the broad approach to the Administration building. 

This structure, unlike many of the foreign buildings, is not 
a copy of a famous building, but is an original architectural com- 
position, designed by Paul Saintenoy of Brussels. It is old 
Flemish in style, the motifs being taken especially from the 

- 104 — 



architecture that prevails in the paintings of Rubens. The deco- 
rations are Belgian Renaissance, and the main facade, facing n., 
was inspired by the famous Triumphal Arch of Rubens. This 
facade is in the form of an enormous arch, the curved entablature 
of which rests on two massive square pillars. The square en- 
trance is flanked by Ionic columns which support female figures. 
The face of the building is lavishly adorned with sculptural 
decorations. The same motif is repeated on the other three 
facades. 

The building is crowned by an enormous four-cornered dome 
that rises from the point of contact of the arched roofs of the two 
wings, and is highly decorated with sculptural garlands, eagles 
and figures. On the verv summit is a bronzed crown 10 feet in 
diameter. The modeling for the decorations was done by ten of 
the leading sculptors of Belgium. The most interesting feature 
of the exterior decoration is the collection of 27 mural paintings 
that fill all the plain surfaces of the walls. These paintings, 




MICHIGAN BUILDING. 



10 by 14 feet in area, were done by artists of recognized reputation 
and were contributed by 27 cities of Belgium. The entire steel 
structure of the building was made in Brussels and shipped to St. 
Louis, to be erected by Belgian workmen. 

Over the steel frame is a covering of wood, expanded metal and 
staff. From n. to s. the pavilion is 250 feet long. Its depth is 90 feet, 
and from the ground floor to the top of the crown on the dome is 
133 feet. The building and furnishings cost $160,000. Much of the 
value of the pavilion is in the five elaborately furnished drawing- 
rooms. These apartments are fitted in characteristic Flemish 
style, the rich and artistic furniture, rugs and draperies having 
been brought from Belgium. There are many fine copies of 
paintings by the old masters of the Flemish school, and in the 
Prince's Salon are portraits in oil of Prince and Princess Albert. 
There are also photographs of all the royal family. 

The apartments furnished by the sleeping car company and 
the palace hotel companies of Belgium are gorgeously beautiful. 

— 105 — 



However, the most interesting exhibit in the pavilion is that of 
hand-made lace, sent by the lace-makers of the various munici- 
palities, each village having its own style and patterns. There is 
also an exact reproduction of "La Chasse de Sainte Ursule," 
containing the sacred relics, one of the most valuable ot all the 
Flemish art treasures. 

BRITISH PAVILION. 

The first feeling with which the British pavilion impresses the 
visitor is one of smallness. The structure is but 40 leet high and 
is dull red in color with a roof of blue slate, having six gables and 
a low, broad arch over the mam entrance. When the visitor 
emerges from this historic building, his last impression is one of 
surpassing beauty and appropriateness. 

The original building is the banqueting hall in connection with 
Kensington Palace in London, and was designed for Oueen Anne 
by that eminent architect, Sir Christopher Wren. Since 1704, 
when it was erected, this piece of garden architecture has never 
been surpassed. The story goes that this banqueting hall was 
called the Orangery, because in its court the Oueen, for the first 
time in her life, saw oranges growing. This surprise. Sir 
Christopher planned especially for her delight, the unfortunate 
monarch being in a state of extreme melancholy over the death of 
one of her children. 

The interior of the building is surpassingly beautiful. A hall, 
24 feet wide, intersects it, terminating in two circular apartmeuts. 
The columns of the inner walls are of the Corinthian order, 
and the cornice is especially ornate. The outer columns are 
Doric, with transverse channeling. Over the main entrance is a 
tympanum adorned by the British shield, the only sculptural 
decoration of the building. 

The banqueting hall is richly furnished and decorated. Be- 
hind this is an inner court, filled with growing plants, fountains 
and statuary. On the side of this court that is not enclosed by the 
building itself, is a splendid colonnade of the Doric order, 
composed of ten lofty columns. Architecturally, the structure 
is developed on eight facades, tour on the outside and four facing 
ihe interior court. From a flagstaff on the roof floats the Union 
Jack. 

CANADIAN PAVILION. 

The roomy, homelike pavilion that represents the government 
of Canada is located in the western part of the Exposition grounds, 
across the avenue from the Ceylon building. This site was chosen 
by the Canadian Commission because of its proximity to the Palaces 
of Agriculture and Forestry, Fish and Game. The purpose of the 
Commission is to show to the world the value of Canadian farm 
lands and to influence emigration to the broad acres of the North- 
west. 

Commissioner-General Hutchinson is in charge of the club- 
house, that is beautifully furnished and decorated. The most inter- 
esting feature of the decorations is a bas-relief frieze in the main 
reception-hall, showing scenes typical of Canadian life. 

CEYLON PAVILION. 

To the Western hemisphere, the Island of Ceylon is known chiefly 
as a remote place where excellent tea is grown. The building 
erected by the government of Ceylon at the Exposition will 
prove somewhat of a revelation to all who visit it. It is located 
in the w. part of the grounds, near the Agriculture building, and 

— 106 — 



is an exact reproduction of a Buddhist temple that was -erected 
SOU years before the Christian era. In architecture it is Kandian, 
and it occupies an area 100 by 80 feet. It is two stories high and 
is crowned by a great 
octagonal dome. This 
dome motif is re- 
peated at the four 
corners in smaller 
domes that cover oc- 
tagonal pavilions. 
Between these runs 
a broad gallery that 
entirely surrounds 
the building. The 
main entrance is es- 
pecially worthy of 
notice as being a 
striking bit of ancient 
Kandian architecture. 
The roof of the struc- 
ture is supported by 
Cingalese pillars that 
are covered with the 
most intricate carv- 
ing. 

The ground floor of 
the building is divided 
into an office room, a 
court where tea is 
served and a com- 
mercial museum for 
handling the purely 
commercial aspect of 
the exhibit and here 
may be seen a com- 
prehensive exhibit of 
the mineral and agri- 
cultural riches of the 
island. Most inter- 
esting of these are the 
numerous products of 
the cocoanut palm. 
Here also are the ex- 
hibits of spices, mica, 
rubber and the 
various vegetable 
fibres that are used 
in the weaving of 
cloth. 

The tea depart- 
ment is an important 
feature of the Ceylon 
exhibit. It occupies 
the central part of 
the building. Here 
native boys, their 
long, black hair 
coiled over queer 
combs of tortoise shell, serve the guests with the delicate beverage. 
They wear the native costume and add greatly to the charm of the 
scene. 




"PEACE." 

(Surmounting Louisiana Purchase Monument.) 

By Karl Bitter. 



— 107 



In the apartment above the tea court is a valuable collection 
cf Ceylon curios, including some ancient lamps of wi ought brass. 
There are chairs, easels and cabinets of carved ebony, calamander 
and tamarind, and there is one most interesting chair made of 
porcupine quills. Among these beautiful objects of furniture is a 
quaint little model of a native's hut with its thatched roof. 

The large collection of masks may prove a source of wonder 
to those who do not understand the Buddhist faith. They are 
not idols to be worshiped; but are the visible forms of the unseen 
forces of evil. They are the representation of the various kinds 
of devils so often spoken of in the Bible. When a Cingalese is 
sick or wicked, the Kattadiya, or healer, puts on the mask that 
corresponds to the evil spirit that has caused the trouble, and 
dances before the victim. This is called the "Devil's Dance," 
and by means of it the spirit is driven out. 

In the adjacent lake, native fishermen illustrate their methods 
of catching fish. The appropriation for this exhibit was 50,000 
rupees, of which $35,000 was spent on the building alone. 

CHINESE PAVILION. 

Between the severely plain Orangery of Great Britain and the 
very exposition-like pavilion of Belgium stands the building that rep- 
resents China. It is absolutely Chinese in all its details, the entire 
pavilion having been constructed in China, transported to St. Louis 
in sections, and put together by Chinese workmen. It consists of 
a highly ornate entrance, a round pagoda and a residence with 
apartments on three sides of an open court. The roof is steep, 
with upturned corners, after the manner of Chinese buildings, and 
is adorned with dragons and groups of Chinese gods and warriors, 
quaintly modeled and rich in color. 

The roof of the s. pavilion is supported by pillars around which 
are coiled enormous Chinese dragons. The prevailing colors of the 
interior decorations are red and gold. The panels of the court 
walls are inlaid with ivory, in the most beautiful designs, and the 
upper half of the doors is covered with carved wood that resem- 
bles wrought metal. All the furnishings were brought from China, 
and fairly represent the luxury with which the Chinaman of the 
upper class surrounds himself. There is a bed of ebony, hand 
carved and inlaid with mother-of-pearl, that surpasses in beauty 
our highest conception of the sumptuous in furniture. There are 
tables and chairs of the same material that are beautiful beyond 
description. The collection of decorated Chinese vases is rich and 
beautiful. There is also a fine collection of models of Chinese 
temples, residences and pagodas. 

The building itself, which cost $120,000, occupies an area of 120 
by 180 feet. The building is a reproduction of Prince Pu Lun's 
country-seat. 

CUBAN PAVILION. 

The building erected by the government of Cuba is located in 
the w. part of the Exposition grounds, at the foot of the terrace 
that leads to the Administration building. In architecture it is as 
nearly typical of the Cuban residence as a structure of wood and 
staff could be made. It is but one story high, dignity being added 
to its proportions by a stately tower at one corner. 

The portico that encloses three sides of the pavilion is 20 feet 
wide, and is thoroughly characteristic of Cuban residence archi- 
tecture. Another equally characteristic feature is the inner court, 
that is embellished with a semi-tropical garden and a fountain. 
There is also a roof -garden, such as may be found on the houses of 

— 108- 



the wealthy citizens of Havana. This garden is open to the public 
an J is reached by a winding stairway inside the tower. 

The ground floor of the pavilion is divided into three apart- 
ments, one of which serves as a meeting-place for the Commission 
appointed by the Cuban government to report such features of the 
Exposition as would be of value to the island and its inhabitants. 
The other two apartments are reception and reading-rooms. 

The Cuban government made an appropriation of $80,000 for 
its representation at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, of which 
$30,000 was expended for the building and furnishings. The 
architect is Senor Salvador Gastella, State Architect of Cuba. 

EAST INDIAN PAVILION. 

The British provinces are represented by many handsome 
buildings, but the most beautiful among them is the reproduction 
of the temple-like tomb of Etmad-Dowlah, near the Palace of 
Forestry, Fish and Game. This tomb, although not so well known 
as the Taj Mahal, at Agra, India, is quite as characteristic of the 
ornate and fantastic architecture of the gorgeous East. 























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MINNESOTA BUILDING. 

The pavilion is surrounded by a resplendent tropical garden, 
and the interior is finished and furnished in truly Oriental style. 

The especial feature of the exhibit is the exploitation of India's 
agricultural products. Natives, in the charming costume of India, 
serve the guests with cups of fragrant tea and delicious coffee. 
There are displays of the spices and aromatic herbs for which the 
Orient is famous. 

The decorations of this building, like those in the pavilions of 
Ceylon and Siam, are all symbolic, and many of the plants grow- 
ing in the garden were brought from the ancient tomb of Hindoo 
royalty. 



FRENCH PAVILION. 

A little exposition in itself is the French building that 
stands in the center of a 15- acre plot of ground bordering on 
University bl. The palace, that is a reproduction of the Grand 

— 109 — 



Trianon at Versailles, a short distance from Paris, is the regal 
residence that Louis XIV. built for Madame Maintenon, the plans 
having been drawn by Mansart, the greatest architect of the age. 
Here it was that Napoleon spent the happiest hours of his brilliant 
career. 

The palace, with its clever imitation of pink marble columns, 
is a faithful reproduction of the original, but many of the fur- 
nishings are not reproductions. They are the actual art treasures 
that have been in the palace at Versailles since the time of 
Louis XIV. On the wall of the grand reception-room, in the 
central part of the structure, are three tapestries showing scenes 
from the career of the great French monarch. Two of them, 
commemorating important victories, are valued at $100,000. The 
third, showing the monarch's reception of the Papal Delegate, 
is absolutely priceless. Its value can not be expressed in terms of 
currency. It is the tapestrv before which kings and presidents 
have stood while holding social levees and political receptions ever 
since the end of the seventeenth century. In this same apartment 
is a divan on which Louis XIV. and Madame Maintenon used to sit. 
And there are other historic treasures too numerous to mention. 
The walls of the reception-room are covered with a rich dull blue 
brocade, and the fresco of the ceiling is exceptionally fine. It is 
the work of M. George Roussel, one of the most promising of the 
present generation of artists in Paris. The central decoration rep- 
resents America inviting France to participate in the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition. The two side decorations portray the first 
coming of the French in 1772, when the colonies were in dire need 
of aid, and the second coming in 1904. Again these paintings 
express the French watchword, "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity." 
They are in pure decorative style. 

The n. wing of the building is occupied by a costly collection 
of Sevres ware and a display of the institutions and plans of the 
city of Paris. These consist of relief models, maps, photographs 
and paintings. In these apartments are many exquisite statues 
of pure Parian marble and other art treasures. The apartment 
that opens from the grand festival hall at the right, is a rose room, 
the walls being covered with tapestry in conventional rose design 
and in old rose tint. The woodwork is all hand carved in a free 
rose-vine pattern. The walls are lined with cases of rare and 
beautiful pottery, and one large wall space is occupied by a 
painting that bears the signature of the great Besnard. Beyond 
this rose room are the billiard rooms and offices. 

The exterior of this pavilion is sufficient in beautv to prepare 
the visitor for the treat that awaits him within. Between the ends 
of the two wings is a beautiful open balustrade, pierced at the 
center by a handsome gate. The space within is filled with a 
wealth of floral bloom, in the midst of which are glistening marble 
statues and gushing fountains. 

The gardens were laid out bv M. Vacherot, chief landscape 
architect of the city of Paris, and the thousands of rose bushes 
and other shrubs were grown in France. One of the most inter- 
esting features of the garden display is the collection of "espaliers," 
fruit trees that have been trained in perfect geometric form 
and grow like vines against a wall, and the even more remarkable 
"eventails" that grow in the open, and yet are as regular in form 
as if they had been carved from wood. 

The Grand Trianon, with its magnificent furnishings and its 
matchless garden, represents a total expenditure of a little over half 
a million dollars. 



— 110 — 



GERMAN PAVILION. 

On the e. slope of Art Hill, a short distance from the end of 
the Terrace of States, stands the building that represents 
the German Empire. It is a faithful reproduction of one of the 
Emperor of Germany's favorite castles, the Charlottenburg 
Schloss. This historic residence was erected by Frederick I. of 
Prussia, in honor of his queen, Sophia Charlotte, one of the most 
brilliant and gifted women of her time. She was also a friend 
of Andreas Schlueter, the famous architect,who designed the castle 
of which the German Pavilion is the central part. 

The structure is 4G0 by 160 feet in ground area, and is two 
stories high. The main facade shows a row of engaged columns 
that rest on a very high base. Above the main entrance, that 
consists of three doors, each finished with a Roman arch, are three 
large windows, flanked by engaged columns. Above these is a 
simple pediment. The roof is adorned with a balustrade, and 
above the pediment rises a massive tower that is crowned by a 
lofty dome. On the topmost pinnacle of the tower is a gilded 
figure, poised lightly on one foot so that even a slight breeze 
causes her to revolve. The head of this golden maiden is 150 
feet from the ground. 

The furnishings of the castle are intenselv interesting. Some 
of the pieces are modern copies; but most of them are genuine 
antiques — art treasures that have been in the possession of the 
Hohenzollerns for many generations and are absolutely priceless. 
Among the rarest art works are the Gobelin tapestries, that have 
never been rivaled for beauty of design or color. The silver 
presented to the Emperor on the occasion of his marriage, Feb. 27, 
1881, is a part of the valuable exhibit. One table piece, in the form 
of a sailing vessel, representing the cities of Prussia tendering 
congratulations, is especially worthy of notice. This splendid 
work of art weighs 200 pounds. There are two highly ornamental 
candelabra, two wine coolers and two bumpers with decorations 
symbolic of the chase. This is silverware that is rarely used, even 
at the Imperial court. 

The furniture, sent from Berlin for the four reception-rooms, 
has been in the Castle of Charlottenburg since the time of Frederick 
I., 200 years ago. 

The decorations and furnishings of the apartments occupying 
the second floor faithfully represent the state rooms of the castle. 
The ground floor is given up to offices and reading-rooms. In the 
rear of the castle is a smaller pavilion, called the "Kneipstube." 
It is a combination of restaurant, drinking-room and fraternal 
society headquarters. 

Both the castle and the restaurant pavilion were designed by 
Mr. Herman Knauer of Berlin. The building is under the direct 
charge of Dr. Theodor Lewald of Berlin, the Imperial Com- 
missioner-General to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

HOLLAND PAVILION. 

Adjoining the Swedish reservation on the e. is the plot of ground 
allotted to Holland. The structure in the center of the quaint 
Dutch garden is small but of surpassing interest because of its 
unique design. It is in the form of a Dutch cottage with steep 
gables and with a roof-line that is broken into deep steps. 

The furnishings were all imported from Holland, and many of 
the pieces are of great antiquity. One of the apartments is 
reserved for the exhibition of Hendrik Kleyn's splendid copy of 
Rembrandt's "Night Watch," the most famous of all the great 

— 112 — 



Dutch master's paintings, the original of which is in the State 
Museum at Amsterdam. 

The building, that occupies a site 40 by 50 feet in area, was 
erected at a cost of $5,000. It contains reception-rooms and 
offices for the Holland Commission. 

ITALIAN PAVILION. 

On the sloping ground a little way e. of the s. wing of the 
Administration building stands the structure that represents Italy, 
the modern storehouse of ancient art. The plot of ground occupied 
by the pavilion and its charming garden is 150 feet long, the width 
being 90 feet. Walls 10 feet high flank the garden on the n. and s. 
and are pierced at the center by small but beautiful entrances. 
Enormous square pylons, supporting decorative sculpture, form 
the corners of the wall. The front is richly decorated, being com- 
posed of five pairs of Ionic columns, each pair resting on a base 
that serves as a pedestal for a statue. The sculptural decorations 
of the pylons, the wall and the pavilion itself are very rich. 




"APOLLO AND THE MUSES." 

(Over Main Entrance Festival Hall.) 

By Philip Martiny. 

Especially worthy of notice are the bas-reliefs of "Labor" and the 
"Triumph of Marconi." The four caryatides are copied from the 
famous maidens of the Erechtheum at Athens. 

In general, the pavilion resembles a Grasco-Roman temple, the 
architecture being that of the period of Caesar Augustus. In 
designing so chaste and simple a building, it was the purpose of 
Signor Sommaruga, the Court Architect of Milan, to show to the 
American people, not the elaborate and over-dressed Italian villa 
of modern times, but the more dignified and classic style of the 
builders who worked under the influence of Greek ideals. 

The splendid colonnade of four massive columns, forming the 
entrance to the pavilion, is reached by a broad flight of steps. 

/ —113 — 



Flanking these are block pedestals that support standards 100 feet 
high. On the top of each standard is a figure of "Victory," 18 feet 
tall and made to simulate bronze. The garden is a rich profusion 
of tropical plants, statues and rustic benches. 

The interior of the pavilion, which is but one story high, is one 
spacious apartment where the Exposition visitors may enjoy the 
best of Italian concerts. Connected with this hall are two small 
chambers that are used as office rooms by the Commissioner. The 
order used in the inner decorative scheme is the Corinthian, 
whereas the external columns are all Ionic. The windows of the 
pavilion are of the most exquisite designs in stained glass that 
serve to lend a charming glow to the classic interior. 

This architectural gem was not designed to advertise the wares 
of Italy. There is no display other than that of art. In the main 
hall are the portraits of the King and Queen of Italy, and the 
sculpture is that of the great Monteverde. The only deviation 
from the course of true art is made in favor of the mechanical and 
electrical genius, Marconi, whose recent achievements give promise 
of bringing about a revolution in the methods of electrical com- 
munication. 

JAPANESE PAVILIONS. 

Not a single pavilion, but an entire colony of delightful 
Japanese architecture has been constructed to represent the govern- 
ment of the Mikado. The reservation is located w. of the Cascade 
Gardens, and a little way s. of the power plant connected with the 
Palace of Machinery. 

The most important building, the "Shishinden" palace, is a 
reproduction of one of the royal buildings in Tokio. Clustered 
about this handsome structure are tea houses, pagodas and offices 
for the Japanese Commission. 

The entire reservation, with its charming gardens, half con- 
cealing dainty pagodas, is a jewel of Oriental workmanship. The 
carvings and iulaid work were all brought from Japan, and the 
labor was entirely that of Japanese artisans, brought to America 
expressly for the purpose of reproducing a faithful bit of Eastern 
architecture, decoration and gardening in the far-away Occident. 
The Bazaar is filled with many beautiful pieces of pottery and 
other souvenirs of the Island Empire, and in the Kinkahu and 
Formosa Pavilions, tea is served. Opposite the Kinkahu Pavilion 
is an Oriental sun-dial that marks the passing of the hours, that 
must pass all too swiftly in this earthly paradise. 

MEXICAN PAVILION. 

The first foreign building to be erected on the Exposition 
grounds was that of Mexico. It stands at the intersection of Univer- 
sity av. and Olympian Way, and is a characteristic Mexican struc- 
ture. In the center of the building is a patio, or open court, such 
as one finds in the dwellings of all warm countries. Around the 
patio is an arcaded cloister that marks it as strictly Mexican. The 
corner tower is quite Spanish in feeling. Senor Leo Bonet of the 
City of Mexico, the designer of the building, is an experienced con- 
tractor and architect, and he has made excellent use of the $10,000 
at his command. 

The plot of ground allotted to Mexico is 160 by 12") feet, of 
which 50 by 72 feet are occupied by the building. The rest is 
devoted to tropical gardens, the plants for which were brought 
from Mexico. In these gardens, the visitor may see bananas and 
other southern fruits growing. There is also a fine collection of 
agaves, the most familiar one to us being the so-called century 

— 114 — 



plant, and a collection of yuccas, from the fibre of which so many 
fabrics are woven. 

The window treatment of the Mexican Pavilion is unique and 
interesting. In the lower floor, the windows are of beautiful stained 
glass, showing much of the gorgeous feeling of Mexican decorative 
work. The portrait of President Diaz in stained glass, that at 
night is illuminated by electric light, is well worth seeing. 

On the second floor, the windows are glazed with developed 
photographic plates, making a most pleasing and novel kind of 
window transparency. The photographs on these windows are of 
Mexican cathedrals, palaces, parks and magnificent mountain 
scenery, with which our sister republic is so richly dowered. 

In its furnishings and exhibits, this pavilion gives the North- 
erner a comprehensive idea of the conditions and modes of living in 
the country beyond the Rio Grande. 

NICARAGUAN PAVILION. 

One of the most interesting, though least known, of the south- 
ern countries, is Nicaragua, the Isthmian republic that has figured 
so -much in American and international affairs of late. The gov- 
ernment of Nicaragua has erected, on the Exposition grounds, a 
handsome pavilion near the buildings that represent Siam, Brazil 
and Mexico. It is designed in the style of the Spanish Renaissance 
that is so freely used in all the South and Central American 
countries. As is characteristic of the dwellings in warm climates, 
it has a patio, or open court, about which the apartments and 
offices of the Commission are located. On the ground floor is a 
spacious hall that is used for receptions and exhibits. 

The space around the building is occupied by a tropical garden 
of surpassing beauty. 

SIAMESE PAVILION. 

Among the foreign governments participating in the Exposi- 
tion, none is more beautifully or more fittingly represented than 
Siam. The pavilion, that is located directly s. of the pavilion of 
Great Britain, is an exact reproduction of the new temple that is in 
process of erection at Bangkok, the capital of Siam. It has the 
general shape of the Siamese cross, and the length from end to end 
of its arms is 70 feet. The interior is one lofty room, 60 feet high, 
and every detail of the structure is symbolic, portraying not only 
the religion, but also the philosophy' and idealism of the people. 
The fundamental principle of Buddhism is aspiration, which is 
typified by the great height of the temple. In its plastic and color 
ornament, the lotus and the flame play an important part. The 
lotus, with its root in the mud, forces its way through water up 
to the air and the sunshine, represents man's struggle for wisdom, 
and the flame is a symbol of purity. 

Siamese architecture shuns a straight line. In this pavilion 
the graceful curve of the waving bamboo is everywhere shown. 
The roof consists of four great gables, each one composed of three 
curved plates. The edges of these roofs are finished with a 
plastic ornament in the form of a conventionalized flame, and the 
twelve points of the gables end in the Chowfa, a form of ornament 
that is permitted only on temples and royal palaces. The two flag- 
poles, one of which bears the Siamese and the other the American 
flag, are decorated with inverted Buddhist begging bowls. The 
exterior of the building is covered with a rich polvchrome decora- 
tion in which much gold leaf has been used. The entrance is in 
the form of a beautifully decorated arch that is flanked by block 
pedestals supporting grotesque Siamese lions. These figures were 

-116 — 



the work of James Early, who modeled them from photographs 
only. 

The walls are of a delightfully cool green, and all the pilasters 
are covered with gold. 

The original temple is of marble; but so far as its general 
appearance goes, this pavilion of wood and staff is a perfect repro- 
duction of it. The pavilion is much more substantially built than 



OKLAHOMA BUILDING. 




NEVADA BUILDING. 

most of the foreign government buildings. It was entirely con- 
structed in Washington, D. C, under the supervision of Mr. James 
H. Gore, and upon its arrival in St. Louis required only to be put 
together and decorated. 

The windows are adorned with beautiful transparencies, giving 
reproductions of other temples, some of them the most ancient in 
Siam. The building is approached through a splendid circular 

— 117 — 



entrance that encloses magnificent Bora! decorations. For this 
Exposition pavilion, the government of Siain appropriated $100,000. 
It has no commercial aspect whatever. While there are 4,(HK) 
exhibits from Siam in other buildings and localities ot the Fair, 
this pavilion is reserved for social purposes only. 

SWEDISH PAVILION. 

Between the buildings representing Holland and Austria, on 
the w. side of the avenue leading up to Administration Hall, is the 
pavilion erected by Sweden. It is as thoroughly characteristic of 
old Swedish architecture as is the Austrian pavilion of the new 
architecture prevailing in central Europe. The two buildings, 
representing the old and the new in Teutonic architecture, are 
happily situated side by side. 

The Swedish pavilion is designed like the country homes of the 
wealthy farmers of Scandinavia, with low picket fence enclosing 
beautiful gardens. 

The timbers of which the building is constructed are from the 
immense forests of Sweden, and all the furnishings, rugs and 
decorations are the work of the thrifty Swede. 

Over the mantel in the great central hall is a handsome por- 
trait of King Oscar, and the walls are adorned with weapons and 
paintings suggestive of the history and romance of the Land of 
the Midnight Sun. 

OTHER NATIONS. 

Australia. 

Although the provinces of Australia are not officially repre- 
sented at the Exposition, there are many interesting exhibits from 
the far-away island continent. These are installed in the Palaces 
of Agriculture, Manufactures, Liberal Arts, and Forestry, Fish and 
Game. The unique part of the exhibit is the collection ot boome- 
rangs and other peculiar weapons of the savage tribes. 

Egypt. 

Among the many interesting exhibits from Egypt that are 
housed by the various great exhibition palaces, the most strikingly 
Egyptian one is the tomb of Rakupa, a high nobleman of the court 
of the Pharaohs. This tomb, that is 4,000 years old, was dis- 
covered forty years ago at Sukkara, but was never excavated until 
1903, when it was removed from its long abode to be transported 
to the Hall of Anthropology of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

Ethiopia. 

The exhibit representing Ethiopia, the chimerical wonderland 
of Africa, consists of implements and agricultural products. The 
best part of the exhibit, however, is the marvelous collection of 
native ivory, which is the chief source of revenue of the country. 

Morocco. 

The government of Morocco failed to respond to the Exposi- 
tion's invitation to p?rtidipate. Yet Morocco is not wholly unrep- 
resented. One of the most popular of all the concessions is owned 
and operated by native Moroccans, and also is typical of that 
ancient country that was once the location of the fabled Garden of 
the Hesperides. 



118- 



PLATEAU OP STATES. 



The Plateau of States, in the s. e. part of the grounds, is a 
veritable park of grand colonial homes where hospitality is dis- 
pensed generously and freely to visitors in the name of the states 
represented. Fully 40 such houses have been erected on the 
plateau, and one may find a welcome and enjoy an hour of rest at 
any one of them. The plateau is located s. of the Government 
Hill, and is 40 acres in extent. It is a part of the natural forest of 
splendid trees, with walks, and drives beautifully laid out. Shady 
lawns border the walks, and beds of flowering plants, as well as 
ornamental shrubbery, adorn the scene. At either side rise the 
buildings, wonderful examples of colonial architecture, varying, as 
this remarkable style of building developed, to suit the climate of 
particular localities. 

Avenues. 

Commonwealth av., a broad walk, traverses the plateau s. from 
the United States Government building. Colonial and Constitution 
avs. branch off to the w., both converging at the e. of Art Hill. On 
either side of these magnificent walks the buildings are disposed, 
Missouri, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Iowa, Indiana and Ken- 
tucky being among the most conspicuous. 

Historic Homes. 

Many of the houses are replicas of historic houses. Ford's 
Tavern at Morristown, Washington's old headquarters, is the build- 
ing erected by the state of New Jersey. Virginia has the home of 
Jefferson at Monticello. Louisiana has the Cabildo, the ancient hall 
of Spain, at New Orleans. Mississippi has Beauvoir, the famous 
dwelling occupied by Jefferson Davis. Several of the states have 
locations farther to the w. on The Trail running from the Plateau 
of States to University av. Prominent in this section is the La 
Rabida Mission building, reproduced by the state of California. 
The state buildings vary in cost from $10^000 to $100,000. 

STATE BUILDINGS AND EXHIBITS. 



ALABAMA. 



The state of Alabama is not represented on the roster of com- 
monwealths having buildings on the grounds, but the resources of 
the state are well displayed by private interests. The cotton 
industry has a large exhibit in the Agriculture building, where 
gins, looms and other special machinery are in operation. Interest 
attaches to the state's typification of its iron industry in the Mines 
and Metallurgy building, where a gigantic statue of Vulcan is 
exhibited, the largest monumental work, next to the Bartholdi 
statue of Liberty, in the world. The statue is 56 feet high and 
weighs 50 tons. The face is 7 feet 8 inches in length; the chest, 
22 feet 9 inches in circumference; the weight of the anvil block, 
6,000 pounds. Three 60-foot cars took the plaster cast from 
Passaic, N. J., to Birmingham, where the statue was molded. 
Vulcan will stand in a public park in that city after the Exposition 
period. Its cost is $20,000. 

ALASKA BUILDINGS. 

In the extreme w. section of the Exposition grounds stands the 
group of buildings representing Alaska. Fronting on the avenue 
is the Exhibit building, a classic structure, 100 by 50 feet in area. 

— 120 — 



The architectural motif is a beautiful Greek pediment, supported 
by four stately Ionic columns. The other buildings are in marked 
contrast to this one, being all of Indian architecture. They are 
dwelling-houses of the Alaskan Indians, and are fitted with fur- 
nishings that have made the perilous journey to St. Louis from the 
far-away Northwest. Each residence has its characteristic totem 
pole, a tall shaft of pine, stripped of its bark and carved with 
grotesque figures. These poles play an important part in the 
religious ceremonies of the natives of Alaska, and in a sense they 
bear a resemblance to the more civilized "family tree" or coat-of- 
arms. An interesting feature of this exhibit is the collection of 
plants illustrating the flora of Alaska. 

In the main pavilion, the second story, which is reached by a 
splendid staircase of red cedar, is devoted to the exploitation of 




"FOUNTAIN OF VENUS." 

(Entrance to Manufactures Building.) 

By Philip Martiny. 

Alaska's natural beauties. Hundreds of photographs, showing the 
mountains and valleys of that most picturesque land, are on view. 
The lower floor shows a comprehensive exhibit of the country's 
natural resources — minerals, furs and agricultural products. The 
center of the apartment is occupied by a large relief map in colors, 
4 by 6 feet in area, that was made at Washington, D. C, from data 
collected by the Geological Survey. 

ARIZONA BUILDING. 

Arizona's building stands near the s. e. entrance to the Exposi- 
tion, fronted by an arcade, made up of four arches, shaped like a 
horseshoe. The moulding around the arches is set in ores and 
minerals produced by Arizona. A fine color effect is produced by the 
use of the blue and green copper and the yellow pyritic ores of the 
state. The building has three rooms and is one story high. Its 
architect is W. R. Norton, of Phcenix, Ariz. Arizona appropriated 
$32,000. 

— 121 — 



ARKANSAS BUILDING. 

The Arkansas building, constructed exclusively ot Arkansas 
material, is one of the most imposing of the state buildings on the 
World's Fair grounds. The structure is 150 by 150 teet, and has 
broad, sweeping verandas on all sides, where visitors can rest in 
the shade and enjoy the cooling breezes. The building stands on 
one of the highest points in the grounds. 

The main entrance leads to a reception hall 2.'5 by 30 feet. The 
floor, of native wood, has an inlaid border of light and dark wood 
contrasting. The walls are tinted in dark, rich empire green, with 
a deep border frieze about three feet, decorated bv hand with 
boughs of apple blossoms, the state floral emblem, glimpses of sky 
and cloud showing through. Facing the entrance is a handsome 
marble mantelpiece of Eureka Springs onyx, light color and highly 
polished. There is an open fireplace, with hearth tiled with native 
marble. Over the mantelpiece is a mirror, in front of which is a 
clock, the case made of irregular Hot Springs crystals with a large 
Hot Springs diamond, cut and mounted, for the pendulum. 
Large photographs of picturesque Arkansas scenery in frames of 
native wood, decorated by Arkansas artists in wood carving, and 
carved wood chairs and a hall-seat in carved wood, are additional 
attractions. Cost of building, 817,000. 

CALIFORNIA BUILDING. 

California's building is a replica of La Rabida, an old mission 
building at Santa Barbara. The building, about 100 bv 140 teet, 
shows the big, arcaded cloisters that are characteristic of the 
California mission buildings. The architectural mass is concen- 
trated in the center of the structure, and consists of two big bell 
towers, square in plan, tapering upwards in tiers to a lantern- 
crowned dome. Between these towers there is a pediment resting 
on an engaged colonnade. The towers are heavily buttressed at 
the ground line. Running from either side of this towering con- 
struction is a lower building, two stories high, with an arcade and 
cloister on each floor. The arcade on the lower floor has semi- 
circular arches, while on the upper a solid entablature forms 
square openings in front of the cloister. The arcades and cloisters 
surround the buildings on three sides on two floors, supplying a 
cool promenade 11 feet wide. There are two floors in the struc- 
ture. The wings on either side are given up to offices and utility 
rooms, while the central portion on the lower floor has a large 
assembly hall, 18 by 48 feet, lighted from above, and a big exhibi- 
tion hall back of this apartment. This hall, 48 by 25 feet, has a 
big, movable platform at one end, and houses the displays main- 
tained by California in its state pavilion. On the second floor of 
the building, above the assembly hall, is a roof garden, where 
California plants supply shade for visitors. The assembly hall 
runs through two floors, and is surrounded on the second floor by 
a gallery, from which the functions held in the hall may be viewed 
bv those who do not participate. Cost, $15,000. 

COLORADO. 

This state has no separate building, but instead makes a 
liberal display of resources in the Mines and Metallurgy building. 
Here the ores and other mineral resources are shown in a most 
interesting manner. A large variety of the products of the soil is 
exhibited in the Agriculture building. The lumber interests of the 
state, both from the mountain and the lowland region, have dis- 
plays. Fish and game resources are on exhibition, and great tanks 
show the denizens of the state's famous mountain streams. A 

— 122- 



demonstration in irrigation is under the supervision of the Agricul- 
ture Department. 

CONNECTICUT BUILDING. 

This building is designed on colonial lines and represents the 
home of a Connecticut gentleman of the early part of the nine- 
teenth century. The dimensions are 80 by 88 feet, and the cost is 
$40,000. The entrance is through a 10-foot hallway into a center 
hall 20 by 38 feet, with wide double stairway beyond. Both these 
halls are paneled to the ceiling with colonial woodwork, finished in 
white enamel. An elliptical well forms a gallery about the center 
of the main hall. 

To the left of the main hall is a large parlor, and on the 
other side, the library and dining-room. In front are rooms for 
the Commissioners and for Mr. Vaill, Secretary and Treasurer of 
the Commission. At the rear is a large double veranda 12 feet wide 
and 63 feet long, after the style of the Southern colonial houses, 
the upper part being reached from the landing of the stairway. 
This is a most attractive resting-place for visitors. The rear of the 
building is surrounded by a grove of trees. On the second floor 
are two state bedrooms for the use of members of the Commission, 
two for the use of the resident hostess and one of the Lady Man- 
agers. The Secretary has a room on the same floor, and in the 
third story there are accommodations for others connected with 
the Commission. The building is covered with staff and painted 
buff and white, the whole treatment, both inside and outside, being 
in harmony with colonial tradition. Nearly all the woodwork is 
from the old Sigourney mansion at Hartford and the Slater home 
in Norwich. The building was dedicated with appropriate cer- 
emonies on May 3. 

GEORGIA BUILDING. 

The state building of Georgia but for the public spirit and 
private munificence of citizens would not to-day occupy its fine site 
in the group of state buildings. The state legislature appropriated 
$30,000 for adequate presentation of the state's resources, and citi- 
zens used "Sutherland," the famous home of the late Gen. John 
B. Gordon, as the model for the structure. "Sutherland," as 
occupied by the intrepid soldier, is situated at Kirkwood, a suburb 
of Atlanta. The "Sutherland" of the World's Fair is a replica in 
every way worthy of the original. It cost $20,000. 

IDAHO BUILDING. 

In the form of an Indian bungalow, Idaho has erected a state 
building, the entire n. side of which has been dedicated to the uses 
of the women of the state. The building is a one-story structure, 
clean cut and plain in exterior. The interior is remindful of a 
Spanish hacienda, the ten rooms ranging along the sides of an 
interior court or patio. Area, 61 feet by 61 feet. Cost, $8,000. 

ILLINOIS BUILDING. 

The Illinois building stands on high ground w. of Art Hill. A 
broad veranda surrounding the building on all sides forms the 
lower tier of a pyramid. The apartments form a second tier, and a 
square dome crowns the edifice. Gigantic statues of Lincoln and 
Grant flank the main entrance, and on each side of the drum of the 
dome stand great sculpture groups symbolical of agriculture and 
other industries. The main entrance leads to a rotunda reaching 
from the mosaic floor up through all three floors to the vaulted dome. 
The state room just behind the rotunda has an area of 50 by 60 feet 

-124- 



inclusive of foyer and stage. Its ceiling, deeply paneled, and its 
walls, ornamented with mural painting and an epical frieze 6 feet 
wide, tell the history of Illinois. It has parlors included in a men's 
suite and women's suite, smoking and writing-rooms, an execu- 
tive suite, Commissioners' room, a hospital room, private rooms for 
the Commissioners, storage-rooms, janitors' rooms, closets, etc., 
and cost $75,000, of which $25,000 was expended in furniture and 
decorations. The building is 198 feet by 144 feet. 

INDIANA BUILDING. 

Indiana's State Pavilion at the World's Fair is an up-to-date 
club building. The architecture is of the French Renaissance. 
The building occupies a splendid position in the state group, facing 
the n. and fronting on two of the main avenues. The outside 
dimensions of the Indiana building are 100 by 135 feet. It stands 
on a rise of ground, terraces reaching down to the street level. 




RHODE ISLAND BUILDING. 

The main entrance is through a portico in the center of the n. 
side, highly ornate and supported by large columns. A porch on 
the n. side serves mainly to ornament the entrance. On the e. and 
w. ends are porches 16 feet wide the entire length of the building, 
screening the visitor from the sun at all hours. Three doors on 
the n. side open into a lounging hall 52 feet long and 25 feet wide. 
On the same floor are check-rooms, a post-office and the custodian's 
room. A wide stairway leads from the rear of the lounging hall to 
a landing, s. of which is the reading and music-room, 43 by 18 feet. 
Under this is the lunch-room. 

On the second floor on the n. side is the state reception-room, 
50 by 18 feet, decorated with historical relics. Apartments are 
provided on this floor for the Governor and the Commissioners; also 
several private sleeping-rooms for the officials. 

Over the space (20 feet square) occupied by the grand staircase 
rises a dome of stained glass, forming a part of the roof. The 
building is of staff and cost about $32,000. 



125- 



INDIAN TERRITORY BUILDING. 

The Indian Territory building occupies a very pretty site in 
the Plateau of States near the Forest Park entrance to the Fair 
grounds. Its nearest neighbors are Iowa, Mississippi, Arizona, 
New Jersey and Utah. It is a two-story colonial structure, 105 by 
72 feet and cost about $16,000. On the first floor are a check- 
room, information bureau and a gentleman's smoking, reading and 
writing-room. The second floor contains a large assembly room 28 
by 40 feet, with platform at one end, two elegant ladies' parlors 
and reading, writing and restingrooms for ladies. It is a very 
handsome club-house, with electric lights, telephone and messen- 
ger service, and a cozy home for Indian Territory visitors to the 
World's Fair. 

IOWA BUILDING. 

At the center of the arc formed by the horseshoe-shaped Com- 
monwealth av. stands the pavilion erected by the state of Iowa, 
one of the handsomest buildings on the Plateau of States. With 
its beautiful loggia at the e. end, enclosed by stately Corinthian 
columns, and its square portico at the n., the structure reminds 
the Iowan of two buildings that are dear to his heart. These are 
the old Capitol, now the central hall of the group of University 
buildings at Iowa City, and the new Capitol at Des Moines. 

The main floor of the pavilion is divided into a large reception - 
hall, a rotunda and two large suites. From the rotunda a broad 
double stairway leads up to the second floor. On the landing is 
the magnificent pipe-organ with its 2 manuals, its 1,500 pipes and 
its self -playing attachment, the gift of ex-Governor Larrabee, 
This organ is to be the center of life in the Iowa building through- 
out the Exposition. Mr. Mason Slade, the celebrated organist, 
renders two concerts daily, and he is assisted in his work by Miss 
Larrabee and other musical celebrities. 

The entire interior decoration was designed by Mr. W, C. 
Andrews of Clinton, la. Two of the apartments that are 
especially charming are the Governor's private drawing-room, 
frescoed in imitation of gobelin tapestry, and the ladies' reception- 
room, in old blue and gold with Louis XV. design in relief. The 
Governor's reception-room, in the opposite wing, is furnished in 
leather upholstered mahogany, with a rug of special design. 

On the ground floor are two important apartments. These are 
the post-office, where all Iowans may receive their mail, and the 
bureau of information. The hostess of the Iowa building is Mrs. 
F. R. Conaway. The president of the commission, former Gover- 
nor Larrabee, gave not only the pipe organ, but the four paintings 
of great Americans of the war period, and the four bronze statues 
that adorn the front of the building. Two of these bronzes do 
honor to two of the Governor's personal friends — ex-Speaker 
Henderson and Gen. Grenville M. Dodge. They are heroic figures 
and were modeled from life by Massey Rhind, the New York 
sculptor. The other two are heroes on land and sea — General 
Sherman and Admiral Farragut — and are the work of George 
Bissell, the sculptor who modeled the splendid groups for the main 
entrance of the Liberal Arts building. 

On the second floor of the pavilion are beautifully furnished 
apartments for the Commissioners, the Governor and the Hostess, 
and in every corner of the great structure is a warm welcome for 
all the sons and daughters of Iowa. 

KANSAS BUILDING. 
The Kansas building, two stories high, is 80 bv 12."> feet and 
cost about $30,000. It has a large central hall on the first floor. 
There are three general entrances. The building stands direct- 

— 12G — 



ly s. of the New York building and vv. of the Illinois building and 
is one of the prettiest state buildings on the grounds. 

KENTUCKY BUILDING. 

The "New Kentucky Home" at the World's Fair covers an 
area of 138 by 108 feet, and is entirely surrounded by porches 
and verandas. There are entrances on all four sides, with the 
broad sides of the building emphasized by great massive porches, 
flanked with sculpture groups, symbolical of Mines, Forestry, 
Manufactures and Agriculture and Horticulture. 

The feature of the interior is the large reception-hall, 56 by 60 
feet, with a hardwood floor. In the floor is a marble mosaic 
centerpiece about 26 feet square, showing the counties of 




SOUTH DAKOTA BUILDING. 

Kentucky in different colored marbles. A border design gives this 
a beautiful rug effect when viewed through the light-well from 
the second floor. 

The second floor, similar in plan to the first, is for ladies, 
with the exception that the rooms are arranged at one end so that 
they can be used as one large banqueting-room. Cost, $29,000. 

LOUISIANA BUILDING. 

The Louisiana State building, on a site adjoining that of the 
United States building, a faithful reproduction of the famous 
Cabildo as it was in 1803, is a conspicuous and attractive feature of 
the group of state structures. Furniture of the time and style of 
the eighteenth century prevails. In the replica of the Supreme 
Court room, where the transfers from Spain to France and from 
France to the United States were signed, are exhibited a fac-simile 
of the treaty between France and the United States, signed by 

— 127 — 



Livingston, Monroe and Marbois. In the same room are portraits 
of the above signers, together with those ot Jefferson, Napoleon, 
Salcedo, Laussat, Wilkinson and Claiborne. In the courtyard is 
an original stone filter with the old drinking "monkeys" showing 
the method of obtaining potable and cool water at that time. 

In one of the cells of the prison within the courtyard of the 
Cabildo are the original stocks, now in the present Cabildo, and 
which attract the curious inspection of every' visitor. These are 
the identical stocks used by the Spaniards in punishing their 
criminals. The lower room of the Cabildo, now used as a City 
Court, serves as a general reception and reading-room, where 
Louisianans and their guests can meet, read the latest papers 
on file from Louisiana, receive and answer their mails, and other- 
wise enjoy themselves. Rooms, with toilets for ladies furnished 
completely, are on the second story, with similar rooms for gentle- 
men on the lower floor. The building cost $22, 000 and occupies a 
space of 95 by 107 feet. 

MAINE BUILDING. 

Maine's state pavilion is composed entirely of materials from her 
fields and forests, fashioned and put together in Maine, and then 
taken down, transported to St. Louis and re-erected. It is a very 
successful effort to show what a handsome, commodious and home- 
like structure can be fashioned of logs and shaved shingles, with 
chimneys built of stones picked up in the fields. Including piazzas, 
it covers a space of 1-10 by 68 feet. The central entrance opens 
into a spacious hall finished through two stories in height and 
exposing the roof construction. This hallway is -44 by 24 feet, and 
opposite the entrance is seen a huge fireplace flanked on either 
side by a comfortable seat. The interior space of the building is 
divided into toilet-rooms, reading and smoking-rooms, ladies' 
sitting-rooms, Commissioners' offices and exhibit rooms. Tho cost 
was $20,000. 

MARYLAND BUILDING. 

On Constitution av., between West Virginia and Oklahoma, 
rises the Maryland building, and in all respects it resembles the 
structure reared by the state for the Charleston Exposition. It 
covers a plot of ground 102 by 42 feet and its interior is well 
adapted to the purposes of rest and entertainment to which Mary- 
land visitors are invited to put it. The cost of the building was 
approximately $20,000. 

MASSACHUSETTS BUILDING. 

The Massachusetts building at the World's Fair is a compo- 
sition of old colonial mansion styles with many features of historic 
interest, including in its facade a partial reproduction of the State 
Capitol, and, in its interior, reproductions of the old Massachusetts 
Senate Chamber and the old House of Representatives, with 
porches at either end similar to those of the old Longfellow house 
at Cambridge. It is 100 by 70 feet, standing on a balustraded ter- 
race approached by broad walks and steps. The entrance to the 
main hall (40 by 40 feet) is between lofty stone pillars, and opposite 
the entrance is a broad staircase rising to the landing above in two 
wings. The interior is divided into offices, parlors, reading-rooms, 
bedrooms, etc., and furnished with old heirloom furniture, so pre- 
cious on account of its history that only state pride can induce the 
owners to part with it temporarily for exhibition at the World's 
Fair. The main hall on the second floor, the historical room, is 
well filled with cherished relics and mementos of Massachusetts 

— 128 — 



historv. The building is located e. of the Plaza of States, opposite 
the New York building, and cost $20,000. 

MICHIGAN BUILDING. 

Michigan's handsome state pavilion, located just s. and e. of 
the United States Fish Pavilion, is constructed of cement on ex- 
panded metal, and cost the Michigan Commission $14,000, al- 
though material valued at $10,000 was contributed, bringing the 
actual cost up to $24,000. 

The building, 95 by 140 feet, is two stories high. The archi- 
tectural motif of the structure is a classic pediment, like that of a 
Greek temple, supported by four fine Ionic columns. This 
pediment is repeated on all four sides of the building, and back from 
each runs a gable roof, intersecting in the center of the building. 
The pediment on the front carries in its tympanum the coat-of- 
arms of Michigan. 




UTAH BUILDING. 

The structure is peculiar in the fact that it has a terrace and a 
veranda. The terrace is not roofed over except by the pedimented 
structure at the entrances. Monumental stairs lead from the 
terrace to the ground. Back from the terrace is a veranda on two 
floors, covered by the roof of the building and showing a fine 
arcade of carved arches on the lower floor. The visitor enters a 
fine reception-room through the front door. In the rear rises a 
monumental staircase which, dividing in two portions, leads to the 
second floor, devoted to offices for the Commission and conve- 
niences for guests. 

MINNESOTA BUILDING. 

The Minnesota building is built of cement blocks so put 
together as to be easily taken down and replaced in some per- 
manent location after its temporary use at the World's Fair. 

— 129 — 



All parts of the building are put together with mortise and 
tennon. The framework around openings is solid wood; all 
beams and flooring dressed and stained. As few nails as possible 
were used in the construction. The roof is of brown glazed tile. 
The main reception-room fronts a terraced garden, surrounded on 
three sides by the main building, and in front by a railing support- 
ing ornamental vases and seats. This garden is on the same level 
as the reception-room, which is doubled by throwing open the case- 
ment doors. The entire first floor is 90 by 110 feet. The furniture 
was furnished largely by the mechanical schools of the state. The 
building is of the Greek-Byzantine type, and cost $10,500. 

MISSISSIPPI BUILDING. 

The Mississippi State building at the World's Fair is a repro 
duction of Beauvoir, the mansion on the Gulf Coast bequeathed 
to Jefferson Davis by Mrs. S. A. Dorsey. The President of the 
Southern Confederacy spent the last years of his life there. It 
stands near the s. e. entrance to the Exposition grounds. Missis- 
sippi was one of the first states to make an appropriation for an 
exhibit at the World's Fair. The building is 90 feet square and 
cost $15,000. It will be headquarters for visitors from the state. 

MISSOURI BUILDING. 

The queen among state buildings is the magnificent pavilion 
that represents Missouri. Crowning the summit of the hill s. of 
the Government building, it is the first to greet the eye of the 
visitor as he leaves the main picture of the Fair and invades the 
forest that gives shelter to the Exposition homes of 43 states and 
territories. 

The architecture of this building is at once modern and classic, 
the Ionic order being used in the colonnade that supports balco- 
nies and pediments. The central mass of the pavilion, from which 
the wings extend to the e. and the w., is surmounted by a splendid 
dome that glistens gold in the sunshine and is crowned by Miss 
Carrie Wood's "Spirit of Missouri." Among the other sculptural 
adornment of the pavilion, two figures are especially to be noticed. 
These are Mr. Gelert's "Napoleon" and Mr. Fraser's "Jefferson." 
The tympanum of the two end pediments is decorated with the 
Missouri coat-of-arms, in relief, and the open balustrade above 
the entablature of the balconies is broken at regular intervals by 
pedestals for vases of growing plants. 

The interior of the building is beautiful beyond compare. No 
expense has been spared on either decorations or furnishings. 
The central rotunda, that is open to the dome, is formed of four 
magnificent arches, supported by modernized Doric columns. The 
frescoes on the soffit of the dome and the angles between the 
arches are by that master of decorative painting, F. Luis Mora. 
The four studies between the arches are suggestive of the periods 
in the development of the commonwealth — "Prehistoric," 
"Savage," "Developing" and "Productive." In the interior of 
the dome, the story is continued in one of the most beautiful mural 
decorations to be found in the Exposition. 

Beneath the dome is a splendid electrical fountain, with 
colored lights that change automatically. In the w. wing, on the 
first floor, is the Governor's suite, the reception-room of which has 
another beautiful painting by Mr. Mora. It is a superb female 
figure, the personification of the state, holding in one hand the 
Horn of Plenty, and in the other the torch of Enlightenment. At 
her feet is a young bov who sports with a bear's cub, and above 
her head are the words, *' Salus populi suprema lex esto" The 
ladies' Japanese apartment and the gentlemen's smoking-room, 

— 130 — 




WASHINGTON BUILDING. 



with its quaint Dutch frieze, are exquisite. The hangings of the 
corridors are of crimson velvet with gorgeous embroideries in gold. 

On the second floor are the apartments of the Commissioners, 
the hostess and matron. The woodwork is all of Missouri sweet 
gum with mahogany finish, that blends admirably with the rich 
furnishings. The woodwork of the lower suites of apartments is 
in satin walnut from the forests of Missouri. The building is 
supplied with a steam-heating plant for cool weather and also a 
cooling plant, so that on the hottest days of summer the tempera- 
ture of the Missouri building will not exceed 70 degrees. 

At the s. of the rotunda is the Hall of State, a fine auditorium 
with a stage and a seating capacity of 1,000. Here the friends of 
Missouri may listen to two excellent concerts daily, as well as many 
addresses by prominent men. The hall occupying the w. end of 
the building is the art gallery, entirely filled with the works of 
Missouri artists. The corresponding e. hall has a model public 
library and a publication department in which are shown copies 
of all the works of the Missouri literati. On the walls of the various 
apartments are paintings of Missouri governors and judges that 
belong in the archives at Jefferson City. 

This magnificent pavilion, 312 feet in length and 170 feet 
deep, was designed by Mr. Isaac Taylor, the Director of Works, and 
erected at a cost of $105,000. The decorations, furnishings, 
refrigerating plant and other modern improvements bring the cost 
up to a little more than $200,000. 

MONTANA BUILDING. 

Montana's building is of modified Doric architecture, exem- 
plifying the strength and grandeur ot the state. It has four large 
and spacious entrances, the main entrance in front being the 
feature of the design. Over a very wide flight of stairs a vestibule 
opens, decorated by means of columns, pilasters and ornamental 
frieze. On each side are closets and check-rooms. The reception- 
hall and rotunda, extending the full length of the building, are 
divided by ornamental columns, pilasters and beams, all richly 
decorated. A dome extends on the inside to the height of 36 feet 
above the floor. On the sides are windows, throwing a soft light 
into the rotunda. In front are located parlors or recreation-rooms. 
The rear part of the parlors has a ladies' room, with cloak-rooms. 
The men's smoking-room, with drinking fountains, is in the rear 
hall. Comfortable porches protect the visitor from the sun. The 
windows and doors may be so arranged that the entire building can 
be thrown open on warm days. Ivory white stucco is the exterior 
finish. The building is 124 by 90 feet and cost $18,000. 

NEBRASKA. 

This state has not established itself in a building, but sends its 
exhibits largely to the Palace of Agriculture. Nearly all the speci- 
mens and processes shown come from the Nebraska State Museum. 
They are valued at $125,000. A notable agricultural exhibit of 
Nebraska is that of a beet sugar factory in operation. 

NEVADA BUILDING. 

Wide verandas on three sides and low sides give the Nevada 
building the East Indian aspect of a bungalow. It is 44 by 54 feet 
and cost about $8,000. Nevada is principally represented by the 
exhibition of its resources in the Mines and Metallurgy building. 
Nearly all the precious metals are shown there in various proc- 
esses of mining and ore extraction. Among other features is an 
interesting exploitation of the world-famous Comstock lode. New 

— 132- 



mineral discoveries in Nevada have given the state a new impetus, 
and this is amply reflected in the advanced character of the state's 
exhibits. 

NEW JERSEY BUILDING. 

Ford's old tavern, at Morristown, which at one time during the 
War of the Revolution was General Washington's headquarters, 
has been reproduced on the World's Fair grounds as New Jersey's 
state building. The Commission spent $20,000 on the reproduction 
of the building. Alexander Hamilton, Lafayette, Kosciusko, Israel 
Putnam and Philip Schuyler were sheltered in the old tavern in the 
early days. The dimensions of the structure are 63 by 83 feet, and 
it stands upon a conspicuous site near the s. e. entrance to the 
grounds. The style of architecture, of course colonial, shows 
across the front a broad veranda supported by Doric columns, 
with double columns marking the main entrance, above which is 
the coat-of-arms of New Jersey in staff. The small window-panes, 
dormer windows, outside stone chimneys, weather boarding, blinds 
and shingled roof contribute to the quaintness of the structure. 
Wall-papers of colonial patterns and antique furniture in vogue 
in these early days were specially designed for the several apart- 
ments. A feature of the main hall is the old-fashioned fireplace 
and the interesting collection of relics of historic value. A spa- 
cious reception-room is provided on the main floor, and from it a 
stairway leads to the parlors on the floor above. On this floor is 
reproduced the room which was used by Washington as a bed- 
chamber. There is also the dining-room, with wine buffet and cut 
glassware of the colonial days. The third floor is devoted entirely 
to the use of the persons employed as caretakers. The mineral 
resources of New Jersey, such as building stones, raw material for 
Portland cement, glass sand, micas, graphite, materials for road 
construction, etc., are shown. There is also a complete set of 
mineral specimens, and also specimens of all New Jersey woods. 

NEW MEXICO BUILDING. 

On the main roadway leading to the United States Fisheries 
building stands the New Mexico building. Spanish Renaissance 
characterizes its exterior, and the building covers about 2,500 
square feet of a fine location. Its cost was $6,000. 

NEW YORK BUILDING. 

One of the largest and handsomest of the state buildings is the 
one in which New York greets her friends. It is in the very heart 
of the Plateau of States, s. w. of the Government building, and is 
a splendid piece of so-called colonial architecture. Its designer, 
Mr. Clarence Luce of New York city, has produced a beautiful 
American adaptation of the Italian style, embellished with many 
charming motifs that are purely original. The central rotunda 
with its two long wings is 300 feet in length, the extreme width 
being 60 feet. A spacious stairway leads from the first to the 
second floor of the rotunda, and from the balconies at the two sides 
an excellent view of the mural decorations may be had. These are 
the work of the celebrated Piexotto, one of the leading magazine 
illustrators of America. They consist of three marines — the Har- 
bor of New York in 1803 and in 1904, a Harbor Scene from the 
French and Indian period, and the Discovery of the Mississippi by 
De Soto. The graceful sculptured figures around the columns that 
flank the approach to the stairway are reproductions of those that 
grace the e. entrance to the building and were modeled by Oscar 
Lenz, the New York sculptor. At the n. of the rotunda is a 

— 133 — 



splendid banquet-hall with arched ceiling in dull blue and gold, 
and with furnishings of mahogany. Beyond this room are small 
dining and breakfast-rooms, richly furnished and with Oriental 
rugs on the floors. 

The s. wing is occupied by a spacious assembly hall, flanked 
bv offices and committee rooms. The furniture of these apart- 
ments is upholstered in horsehide, treated by a peculiar process so 
that it has the color of old ivory. In the upper left-hand corner of 
each chair back is embossed the New York coat-of-arms. This 
wing ends in a beautiful vestibule and a loggia surrounded by a 
semi-circular colonnade. The second floor is filled with elegantly 
furnished suites of apartments for the Governor, the hostess, Mrs. 
Dore-Lyon, and the members of the New York Commission. The 
prevailing tone of the wall decoration is a delicate green which, 
with the dainty white curtains at the windows, imparts an appear- 
ance of restful coolness. 

The lamps that hang pendant from the ceiling are worthy of 
notice. The statue that is the first to greet the visitor is 
the splendid "Welcome," by Mr. Lenz. The two superb groups 
that crown the attic above the pediment, "Progress of Art" and 
"Progress of Commerce," were modeled by Philip Martiny. 

In the basement of the building is an electric kitchen that is a 
revelation even to this rapid age. The cost of the building was 
$75,000. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

This state has no building, but is well represented in the 
Agricultural department by a great variety of crops. A remark- 
able exhibit of precious metals and stones has also been placed in 
the Mines and Metallurgy division. 

NORTH DAKOTA. 

The $50,000 appropriation by the state of North Dakota for 
World's Fair purposes was employed in exhibits of the state, no 
state building having been erected. These exhibits are in the 
Mines and Metallurgy, Education, Agriculture, Horticulture, 
Forestry, Fish and Game departments, the larger part being in the 
Agricultural building. Lignite and Portland cement have good 
representation in the Mines and Metallurgy building. 

OHIO BUILDING. 

Ohio's headquarters at the World's Fair is a handsome build- 
ing costing $35,000. The state appropriation is $75,000. The site 
adjoins Missouri's and is s. of the United States Government 
building. The edifice stands on a knoll 10 feet high, the main 
front facing w. The slope permits a series of terraces which bring 
out the distinguishing architectural features of the building. The 
pavilion is two stories high and built of staff, finished in ivory tint. 
The roof is dark gray, the ridgings, crestings and finals carried out 
in gold-leaf. Large porches add to the beauty of the structure at 
the n. and s. ends, and provide ideal resting-places for Ohioans 
and their friends. 

Six columns 3 feet in diameter and 30 feet high stand at the 
main entrance, and three large doors open into the rotunda, 29 by 
54 feet, two stories in height and finished with a domed ceiling. 
Adjoining the main rotunda are rooms for the bureau of informa- 
tion, post-office, check-room, telephone and telegraph offices. 
Spacious apartments are provided for women. 

On the second floor are the offices of the executive commis- 
sioners and rooms for newspaper correspondents; in the s. wing a 

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suite of rooms for the Governor, and adjoining, bedrooms for the 
Commissioners. Dimensions, 52 by 188 feet. 

The Buckeye State dedicated its building at high noon on 
Monday, May 2, with much formality. Gov. Myron T. Herrick 
and Secretary-of -War William Taft were in attendance. ' 

OKLAHOMA BUILDING. 

The most interesting part of the wonderful new West is repre- 
sented by the pleasing Oklahoma building that is located just w. of 
the New York Pavilion. It is almost a square, the longest facades 
being 73 feet in length, and is thoroughly Spanish in feeling. 
Across the front is a deep veranda, the roof of which is supported 
by pilasters that terminate in a succession of arches, a device that 
reminds one of the delightful old buildings of Spain. Indeed, this 
pavilion is a faithful bit of Mission architecture and as such is 
truly representative of the Southwest. 

The furnishings are comfortable and home-like, and there are 
several exhibits of especial importance. One of these is the 
drawing-box from which, in July, 1901, the homesteads of 16,000 
pioneers were drawn in the great land lottery. Among the many 
new things to be seen in this building there are a few genuine 
antiques, such as the six mission chairs and the old mission table. 

OREGON BUILDING. 

Oregon has erected for its state building an exact reproduction 
of Old Fort Clatsop, which was built in 1805-0, on a bluff over- 
looking the present site of the City of Astoria, and which was used 
as winter quarters by Lewis and Clark while exploring the Pacific 
slope. The interior decoration consists of historical and pioneer 
curios. The floors are covered with Indian rugs and skins of 
native animals. There is a large collection of valuable and rare 
Indian baskets. The grounds around the building were sown in 
grass and planted with native plants, flowers and ferns of every 
known species which grow to luxuriance in the state. The ferns 
were planted around the base of the large stone chimney. The 
Fort measures 60 by 90 feet and cost $5,000. 

PENNSYLVANIA BUILDING. 

The Pennsylvania building, on a wooded height in the s. w. part 
of the Exposition grounds, is a splendid piece of architecture as 
well as a beautiful Exposition home. The structure, an original 
architectural composition by Mr. Philip H. Johnson of Philadel- 
phia, has a monumental entrance suggested by the entrance of the 
old Capitol at Harrisburg. From a square-domed rotunda, spacious 
salons open to the e. and w., the one for gentlemen and the other 
for ladies. The ceilings are deeply paneled and the walls and fur- 
nishings are in green in the w. room and red in the e. The build- 
ing is flanked at the two sides by long colonnaded promenade 
verandas that afford a delightful view of the virgin woods of Forest 
Park. 

Around the rotunda is a broad gallery that opens into the side 
corridors leading to the Commissioners' offices and private apart- 
ments as well as to the three galleries that are filled with the 
paintings of Pennsylvania artists. The walls of the rotunda 
gallery are lined with portraits of the famous men that Penn- 
sylvania has produced. Here are Ben Franklin, Mad Anthony 
Wayne, President Buchanan, General Hancock and a score of 
others. These portraits were painted by Albert Rosenthal, the 
celebrated portrait painter of Philadelphia. By the same artist are 
the portrait of Attorney-General Knox and the "only authentic 

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portrait of William Perm." This William Perm is painted in full 
armor and is taken from an old portrait that was painted from life 
before Penn left England. 

The Pennsylvania building is 279 by 109 feet in area and cost, 
together with furnishings, $300,000. Mrs. Garvin is hostess and is 
assisted by Mrs. McDowell. 

Apart of the exhibit is the model coal mine in operation. 
This is located a little way w. of the pavilion, and is constructed 
of logs. It is fitted with regular coal shafts and elevators, and the 
methods of mining coal in the famous anthracite mines are fully 
demonstrated. 

At noon, Monday, May 2, the Pennsylvania State building was 
dedicated to the public and World's Fair uses with appropriate 
exercises. 

RHODE ISLAND BUILDING. 

Colonial Rhode Island architecture predominates in all the 
details of the Rhode Island building. The main staircase has ma- 
hogany rails and posts and old ivory-finished post balusters, treads 
and trimmings. 

To the right of the reception-hall is a writing-room, to the rear 
the women's parlor, both provided with large, open fireplaces with 
gas logs, the mantels exact copies of some old colonial mantels. 
To the left of the hall is the information room with every modern 
convenience; to the rear, the smoking-room, and adjoining it the 
private office of the Commission. The second floor has a state or 
executive room and a reading-room, with a bath-room for each two 
rooms. All rooms on the first and second floors open direct to the 
porches and balconies through glass sash doors. The flat roof is 
covered with canvas and used for a roof garden. 

On the front of the building is a piazza extending up two stories, 
the roof forming part of the roof garden. Over the front entrance 
is a small balcony and at each end of the building a one-story 
piazza, with balcony on the roof. The building is covered on the 
outside with expanded metal lathing, and plastered, colored and 
lined off to represent seam-faced granite. Dimensions, 101 by 61 
feet; cost, $19,000. The building was dedicated on April 28, two 
days before the official opening of the World's Fair. 

SOUTH DAKOTA BUILDING. 

South Dakota's pavilion cost about $8,000, exclusive of interior 
decorations, which required nearly $3,000 more. The structure is 
74 by 86 feet, not counting porches. The general reception-room 
is a large hall 26 feet wide by 46 feet long and 24>£ feet high. The 
room is decorated with corn, grain and grasses, representing some 
of the agricultural products of South Dakota. The pavilion stands 
opposite the Texas building on the avenue leading from the Art 
Palace to the Government building. The "New Kentucky Home" 
is a short distance e., and General Grant's log-cabin a few yards to 
the w. of the South Dakota building. 

TENNESSEE BUILDING. 

The historic home of Andrew Jackson, "The Hermitage," is 
the plan on which the Tennessee building is constructed. The old 
school of colonial architecture here finds its best expression. The 
building contains a replica of the room in which General Jackson, 
on January 5, 1845, at the age of 78, departed this life. About the 
bed are grouped many priceless Jacksonian relics. The building 
is 104 by 61 feet, was erected at a cost of $18,000 and stands on the 
roadway of the California building. 

-137 — 



TEXAS BUILDING. 

The Texas Pavilion is a symbol of Texas, a five-pointed star, 
surmounted by a dome whose highest point is 132 feet from the 
ground line. Between the extreme points of the star is 217 feet. 
The exterior walls are of staff and the building is two stories in 
height. Running up in a graceful curve from the second story is a 
hipped or convexed roof, gathered at the base of the dome, which 
rises 35 feet from the top-most point of the roof. There are, of 
course, ten walls, and at the junction of each pair of walls is an 
entrance showing some fine architectural decoration. The vesti- 
buled entrances are approached by a flight of steps 28 feet long, 
furnished with buttresses, and at each end there are ornamental 
electric light fixtures. The columned plan of ornamentation is 
carried out in the entire building. Pilasters and arches are used, 
between which are windows arched with mouldings and carvings 
of staff. Between the first and second-story windows are panels 




WISCONSIN BUILDING. 

bearing the names of distinguished Texans. One of the most 
striking features of architecture is the plan of columns and porches 
at the extreme points of the star. The; e are two columns at every 
point intended to signify the five great industries of Texas. These 
bear appropriate inscriptions. Supported by these columns above 
the cornice on paneled bases are statuary representing Texas 
heroes. Entering the building, one passes through heavily ves- 
tibnled doors with star-shaped panels of glass into a rotunda 75 feet 
in diameter. The well-hole around the galleries is a series of stars 
diminishing as one goes upwards and finishing with a large art 
glass star in the center of the dome. Surrounding the rotunda on 
the first floor are the Board of Directors' rooms. General Manager's 
office, reading-room, ladies' parlor and two exhibit rooms. All the 
rooms on this floor are finished in native woods and marbles of 
Texas. 

The second floor contains the Governor's reception-room, 
auditorium, parlor, ladies' reception-room, ladies' retiring rooms 
and rooms for the parties having the buildings in charge. On 
the exterior the electrical effect is striking. Electric lights are 

— 138 — 



strung like beads along the cornice and up the hips and valleys 
of the roofs, where, at her base a large star, is the statue of the 
Goddess of Liberty, who, standing on the highest pinnacle of the 
dome, holds aloft a five-pointed star of Texas, which at night is 
illuminated. Cost, $4(3,000. 

The great building was dedicated with impressive ceremonies 
on Wednesday noon, May 4. 

UTAH BUILDING. 

Strictly modern and in club-house style the territory of Utah 
has erected its Exposition home near the Chouteau av. entrance. 
The lot is 2,500 square feet in extent, and $6,000 was expended on 
its erection. The extraction of gold ores is a feature of the Utah 
display in the Mines and Metallurgy building. The center of this 
display is a machine constructed of burnished steel, copper and 
silver, occupying a glass-covered space 14 by 30 feet. Beautiful 
displays of precious stones and samples of the baser metals are 
also to be seen. 

VERMONT BUILDING. 

At Windsor, Vermont, stands the old Constitution House, and 
this historic pile was aptly made to serve as a model for the 
World's Fair building erected by Vermont. It covers an area 
50 by 120 feet, and symbolizes the building in which Vermont's 
organic laws were first drawn up. The state expended $5,000 on 
the structure. 

VIRGINIA BUILDING. 

Virginia's building is a copy of Monticello, the home of the 
President who made the Louisiana Purchase. Mr. Jefferson was an 
enthusiastic student of architecture and an amateur draughtsman 
who brought back from his foreign tours many studies of famous 
old buildings. The plans and specifications for Monticello to the 
minutest details, by his own hand, are still extant. As this Exposi- 
tion is a Jefferson centennial, it was Virginia's proud privilege to 
reproduce some specimen of Jefferson's own architecture in her 
state building, and instead of taking one of the Virginia University 
buildings designed by him, she has done wi 11 in choosing the home 
he designed and built for himself, and in which he lived and died. 
The building is located on the main avenue leading w. from the 
Art building. It is 113 by 99 feet, and cost $17,000. 

WASHINGTON BUILDING. 

The state of Washington projected for the World's Fair a 
building which shows its lumber resources, and at the same time 
supplies to its visitors a view of the main picture of the Exposition 
from the observation tower, 100 feet in the air, overtopping trees 
and adjacent buildings. It is opposite the Government Fisheries 
building. The building is entirely of wood, the outside of yellow 
pine, and the inside finished with the finer grained woods produced 
by the state. It is five stories hisjh, towering 114 feet to the base 
of the flagstaff, which rises 50 feet higher. 

The building is octagonal in plan, eight gigantic diagonal 
timbers rising from the ground and meeting in an apex at the 
observatory line. It is a skeleton pyramid of eight faces. All the 
floors are supported on these great diagonal timbers, which were 
shipped from Washington. Each timber is in one piece over 
90 feet long, 24 inches wide and 28 inches thick. Each story 
of the building has but one compartment. Through the center of 
the building an elevator operates to carry visitors comfortably to 

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the observatory, 
$16,000. 



The dimensions are 77 by 114 feet and the cost 



WEST VIRGINIA BUILDING. 

West Virginia's building, a handsome structure of the colonial 
type of architecture, is 100 by 120 feet, and stands close to and direct- 
ly w. of Colorado's building. Porches 16 feet wide extend on three 
sides. The main part of the structure is square, but the large 
porches in the center of each facade, supported by six large Cor- 
inthian columns, cause the building to assume the shape of a 
Greek cross. On each corner rises a tower surmounted by a small 
dome. Rising from the center of the building is a huge classical 
dome, on the summit of which stand the sculptured figures of two 
deer. The first floor has a large reception-hall, occupying about 




"BUFFALO DANCE." 

(Main Launch Landing.) 

By Solon Borglum. 

one third of the space, with ladies' reception-room on the left and 
the Commissioners' room on the right. In the rear are a smoking- 
room for men, package rooms, information bureau and the Super- 
intendent's room. A stairway with broad landings leads to the 
second floor, where is provided a banquet-hall, .'?."> by 70 feet. 
Other rooms, private for the officials, are on the second floor. The 
exterior finish is staff and plaster. The interior is finished in West 
Virginia woods, and the ceilings are of ornamental metal donated 
by the manufacturers of the state. The building cost $19,000. 

WISCONSIN BUILDING. 

This is a two-story building in the English domestic style, 
adapted to an irregular site, with a terraced court in front, beauti- 
fied with hollyhocks and other old-fashioned flowers, the walls and 
railings covered with quick-growing vines, such as the wild cucum- 
ber and others, so that the plastered walls and red roofs amid the 

-140- 



green foliage give a charming effect of rustic simplicity in contrast 
with the massive surrounding architecture. The first floor is 
devoted to assembly room, offices, reading-rooms, etc. The 
second floor has 11 rooms — parlors, ladies' retiring rooms, baths, 
etc., each with running water. The rooms all have high ceilings, 
12 feet on the first and 11 feet on the second floor, and the assembly 
room runs through both floors. Views of state scenery are shown 
in the waiting-room. The building is 90 by 50 feet and cost 
$15,000. 

WYOMING. 

Although not represented by a building, the far northwestern 
commonwealth has made an excellent mineral exhibit. This 
embraces, in part, gold, silver, copper, lead, graphite, coal, build- 
ing stone, asphaltum, gypsum, clays, quartz, mica, tin, sulphur 
and the semi-precious stones. Most of these have a place in the 
Mines and Metallurgy building. Agricultural and horticultural 
exhibits have also been placed in their respective departments, 
the state's resources being thus adequately displayed, and in this 
manner the state's appropriation was fittingly expended. 

PHILIPPINE ENCAMPMENT. 



The insular possessions' of the United States have prepared 
elaborate presentations of their resources and social conditions 
for the Exposition. Chief of these is the Philippine Islands, the 
most remarkable display of a people ever shown at an exposition. 

Philippine Exhibit. 

The exhibit is a comprehensive exploitation of the great Island 
of Luzon and the surrounding archipelago. It was prepared by a 
special commission of experts acting under instructions from the 
Philippine government. The outlay for the work came from the 
Island treasury, but additions were made thereto from native 
sources, the United States treasury, and from the Exposition, 
making the cost over a million dollars. 

The Philippine Exposition Board's financial statement shows 
that a total of $1,115,000 has been spent on the Philippine exhibit, 
all but $200,000 of which came from the Philippine insular govern- 
ment. 

The exhibit consists of over 100 buildings, ranging in size 
and construction from the "taos," a humble nipa casa, to the 
palatial Spanish Administration buildings, typical of the Philip- 
pine Islands, occupying 47 acres of the Exposition grounds, in which 
are housed some 75,000 catalogued exhibits as well as representa- 
tives of the different peoples of the Islands, showing all the grada- 
tions of civilization and of the military and civil branches of our 
far-away possessions. No general admission to the exhibit is 
charged, cold filtered drinking water is furnished free and lavatories 
are free for the use of visitors. 

Aquatic Display. 

Arrowhead Lake, an artificial body of water which has been 
dubbed "Laguna de Bay," is the scene of a great aquatic display. 
Houses built on bamboo poles by the Moros dot the waters of the 
lake and the sports of the Islanders take place in the waters. The 
Moro village is at the n. end of the lake; Luzon village at the s. 
end; Viscayan village at the s. angle. Other tribes have settle- 
ments on different parts of the encampment. 

—HI- 



The Encampment. 

The encampment is reached by crossing the "Puente de 
Espana," a reproduction of the famous bridge over the Pasig River 
at Manila. The Intramuros, showing the masonry fortification of 
Manila, rises abruptly at the end of the bridge and is pierced by a 
massive gate. This is the Walled City. Here is seen the War 
building, which is in reality a great museum of weapons captured 
from the Filipinos. 

S. of this is a relief map of the Philippines 120 feet long and 60 
feet wide, surrounded bv a platform permitting a study of the map. 

Notable Buildings. 

Among the notable buildings on the encampment is a repro- 
duction of Manila's finest cathedral and which contains a mass 
of ethnological exhibits. The Government building is used as ad- 




NICARAGUAN PAVILION. 

ministration headquarters by the Philippine Commission. The Ed- 
ucation building contains specimens of the work of the Philippine 
schools. A typical Manila dwelling is used as a Fisheries and 
Mineralogy building. The Forestry building, constructed largely 
of Philippine woods and fibres, contains a fine collection of the 
forestry products of the Islands. The Cuartel de Filipino is a large 
building put up to serve as a barracks for the native constabulary. 
There are, besides these, a Filipino theatre and numerous restau- 
rants and pavilions. 

The agriculture and horticulture exhibits are particularly note- 
worthy, included in the latter being an exhibit of 4,000 orchids. 

Philippine Constabulary. 

The Philippine constabulary are installed in the Cuartel. Two 
hundred and eighty men and 11 otficers, also 9 Moros are in the 
detachment, and as the Moros are Mohammedans, they will be fed 
on salmon, salt fish and fresh fish. Rice is the principal additional 
article of diet. The Moros would not enlist in the army until a 
special article was inserted into the form of enlistment allowing 
them to practice their forms of religious worship. A fine band 
of 80 pieces, an equipment costing $10,000, accompanies the battal- 

-142- 



ion. The constabulary are composed of picked men from nearly 
every tribe in the archipelago and are under the direction of the 
Philippine civil government. They wear a khaki uniform and two 
of their officers are native Filipinos. 

Filipino Scouts. 

The Filipino Scouts comprises 12 officers and 420 scouts. 
Their camp is at the s. side of the Philippine reservation and con- 
sists of a number of brown canvas tents. The Filipino Scouts form 
a regular division of the United States army in the Philippines. 
The , patrol duty for the Philippine reservation will be done by 
them. The}' will also give two drills a day in the court of the War 
building. They are a fine looking body of men and have an ex- 
cellent band. 

Savage Moros. 

Eighty Moros and 50 Bogobos are at the encampment. The 
Moros are more savage and wilder in appearance than the Igor- 
rotes. They occupy a village along Arrowhead Lake, and as they are 
lake-dwelling people, they will ply their trades on the waters of the 
lake. Native boats now on the lake will be used for fishing pur- 
poses. Fort}* of the Moros are Lanaos from the Island of Samar 
and 50 are Samals from Jolo. They are 5 feet 4 inches in height, 
have smooth faces, long hair, and live in houses thatched with 
nipa sagon. They will carry on their different occupations and 
pastimes, dive for pearls, fish and feast. 

The Head Hunters. 

The Igorrote, Bontoc, Tinganue and Suyoc tribes, all savage, 
have a village in the stockade just e. of the Cuartel. The Bontocs, 
or head hunters, have built their houses with boards brought with 
them from the Philippines. The roofs are made of grass. Their 
rice or store-houses are made in the same way. They have built 
dams and will grow rice. The Tinganue tribe is located in the n. 
e. part of the village and have built houses of nipa and bamboo. 
They are agriculturally inclined and have planted sweet potatoes 
and other vegetables in their garden. The Suyocs have thatched 
roof houses built on the high ground in the n. w. part of the 
village. Their principal industry is mining and metal working. 
A village for the Negritos has been built in the n. e. part of the 
grounds and is enclosed in a bamboo stockade. 

The Viscayans. 

The Viscayans are civilized and are devout Catholics. They 
have their altars and an excellent orchestra of J 6 pieces which 
furnishes music alike for religious purposes and for the native 
dancers. Their village is at the s. angle of the lake, and they 
devote themselves to sword-making, basket-making, cloth-weaving 
and other industrial pursuits. 

Filipino Midgets. 

Interesting to a degree are the Filipino midgets, Juan de la 
Cruz and his sister Marie. He is 29 years old and is 29 inches in 
height, and Marie is 31 years old and 274nches high. The father 
and mother of this queer little pair were average-sized Filipinos. 
The little people will perform acrobatic feats. 



— 143 — 



PORTO RICO. 



Our new insular possession has sent a very complete exhibit 
of specimens of rubber, tropical fruits, dye woods, coffee and many 
samples of native weaving, including rugs, serapes and the like. 




SIAMESE PAVILION. 

There is also the usual display of native trinkets made of sea 
shells, coral, nuts and the like, in which the beaches of the Island 
abound. 

SPECIAL BUILDINGS. 



PRESS BUILDING. 

A building that has a history of its own is the Press building, 
located in the n. e. part of the Exposition grounds, near the 
Liberal Arts building. 

The structure is of wood, and it has already served at the Pan- 
American and the Charleston Expositions. In plan it is a typical 
summer cottage or club-house, with burlap covered walls, polished 
floors and large, airy rooms. A broad veranda surrounds it on 
three sides, and there are two old-fashioned fireplaces in the living- 
room. 

On the second floor are office rooms, and every convenience 
for the visiting journalist has been provided. It was in this 
building that the American Press Convention was held, and here 
the journalists from all over the country will find a meeting-place 
during the Fair. 

T. P. A. BUILDING. 

One of the prettiest and most conveniently constructed of the 
minor buildings on the grounds is the one put up by the Travelers' 
Protective Association, and which is popularly known as the T. P. 

— 141 — 



A. building. It is located on the Plateau of States just back of 
Government Hill, and will be the headquarters of the Association 
during the World's Fair period^ The furnishings are handsome, 
and the cost of building and interior decorations approximates $20,- 
000. There is a large reception-hall, besides lounging, checking 
and toilet-rooms. 

HOUSE OF HOO-HOO. 

In connection with the Forestry exhibit, mention must be made 
of the House of Hoo-Hoo, the structure that serves as head- 
quarters for the lumbermen of America. The pavilion is of wood 
and staff, having a ground plan in the form of the mystic letter H. 
Across the main facade is a pleasing arcade, connecting the two 
wings of the building, and this is flanked by graceful towers. The 
roof is broad and low, with projecting eaves. The Roman arch is 
the leading motif. The interior of the House of Hoo-Hoo is 
especially interesting, in that it demonstrates the manifold uses of 
native wood. The finishings and furnishings constitute a non- 
competing exhibit of the products of the various great lumber firms 
of America, and show what may be done with even the cheaper 
woods, if they are properly handled. The firms that supplied the 
woodwork of this building have other exhibits in the Forestry 
Pavilion, showing the products of their mills. 

TEMPLE OF FRATERNITY BUILDING. 

An imposing structure of Grecian design, situated s. w. of Art 
Hill, this building is intended to be the headquarters of all the 
fraternal societies. It is modeled after the ancient Parthenon and 
contains 40 large rooms. Cost, $62,000. 

POWER PLANTS. 



Power at the Exposition is developed by a steam plant housed 
in a steel building erected w. of Machinery Hall. Here there are 
boilers of enormous capacity which supply steam for the engines, 
pumps and dynamos that run the Exposition. The boilers are 
installed as exhibits and represent the several types produced by 
the best makers of England, Germany and America. They are 
equipped with the latest appliances and form an exhibit of wonder- 
ful interest for the expert or for the general public. The American 
boilers are fed by automatic stokers, the supplies of coal being 
brought automatically by conveyers from bins that are kept full by 
a special line of 150 cars running direct from the Colorado mines. 
Smoke consumers are attached to all the boilers with forced drafts, 
chain grates, etc. The steam is transmitted to the powerful engines 
and pumps in Machinery Hall by underground pipes. The entire 
capacity is 24,500 horse-power. Ashes are handled below the floor 
of the boiler-room. 

Engines of every type and manufacture are installed in 
Machinery Hall, and move the entire Exposition, running the 
machinery, dynamos for light and motors, pumps for cascades, fire 
prevention, etc., and for the entire electric plant, including the 
transportation facilities. The plant includes gas engines and 
represents a capacity of 40,000 horse-power. The installation of 
these engines is an exhibit in itself of the latest appliances in 
power plants. All these are presented in competition by foreign 
and domestic manufacturers. 



146- 



THE PIKE. 



The Pike, the name applied to the amusement section of the 
Exposition, is located on a tract of land n. of the main picture. It 
is a roadway 90 feet wide with amusement features on either side. 
The Pike connects with the Exposition at the e. and w. ends. It 
is paved with brick and at night is illuminated by arc lights. At 
the w. end the amusements extend southward past the Transpor- 
tation and Machinery buildings up the hill where the concessions 
of Jerusalem and the Boer War are located. 

The attractions on The Pike represent an outlay of $5,000,000 
and include a wonderful variety of amusements. Price of general 
admission and total cost to see all the shows are also given. 
Where one price is mentioned, there are no other charges. 

The Tyrolean Alps is the most extensive attraction. It is a re: 
production of Alpine scenery and village life. General admission, 
25 cents; total admission, 95 cents. 

The Irish Village is an exhibit of the industry, art and literature 
of Ireland. General, 25 cents; total, $1.25. 

Mysterious Asia is an aggregation representing street life in 
the Orient. General, 15 cents; total, 75 cents. 

Under and Over the Sea is a trip to Paris by submarine route 
and a return via an aerial line. 25 cents. 

Old Seville represents Spanish ways of life. 25 cents. 

Life-like bull fights are shown in the Spanish theatres. 25 
cents. 

The Crystal Maze is a collection of surprises. 25 cents. 

Hunting in the Ozarks is a unique shooting gallery. No charge. 

Hagenbecks is a zoological Daradise. General, 10 cents; total, 
$1.00. 

Moorish Palace is a wax-works show. 25 cents. 

Japan is a tropical scene in Tokio with geisha girls and jinrick- 
shas. General, 25 cents; total, 75 cents. 

Hereafter is a vision of heaven and hades. 25 cents. 

Glass-Weaving Palace shows production of fabrics of glass. 
25 cents. 

Paris shows the French capital at its gayest moments. Gen- 
eral, 25 cents; total, 75 cents. 

Ancient Rome represents a street in the city of Seven Hills. 
General, 25 cents; total, $1.00. 

The Volcano shows a Hawaiian burning island. 25 cents. 

Creation is an illusion of things past and future. 50 cents. 

Palais du Costume shows the attire of centuries. 25 cents. 

Infant Incubator represents the efforts of science to aid the> 
little mites of humanity in a struggle for life. 25 cents. 

Indian Congress and Wild West Show is a picture of life on 
the plains. 25 cents. 

Trip to Siberia, Russia Village and Theatre is a panorama of 
the frozen north. General, 25 cents; total, 60 cents. 

Deep Sea Divers show life under the sea. 15 cents. 

Cairo is a street in the Egyptian city. General, 25 cents; total, 
75 cents. 

Stamboul is a reproduction of the famous bazaar of Constan- 
tinople. General, 25 cents; total, 75 cents. 

Chinese Village is a Celestial street scene. General, 25 cents; 
total, 50 cents. 

Esquimaux and Laplanders are seen in Alaska. Geueral, 
25 cents; total, 50 cents. 

The Magic Whirlpool is an aquarama of unusual interest, 15 
cents. 

-147-r 



Cliff Dwellers show the Indians from the Mancos desert 
regions. General, 25 cents; total, 75 cents. 

Battle Abbey represents the wars of American history. 25 
cents. 

The Scenic Railway is a double track of peculiar construction. 
10 cents. 

Jim Key is a trick horse. 15 cents. 

Old Plantation is a picture of Dixie land. 15 cents. 

Naval Exhibit shows battle-ships in action. General, 25 cents; 
reserved seats extra. 

Galveston Flood is a representation of that great disaster. 25 
cents. 

Hale's Fire Fighters show fire laddies at work and at play. 25 
cents. 

New York to the North Pole is a panoramic illusion. 25 cents. 




"PHYSICAL LIBERTY." (Main Cascade.) 
By H. A. McNeil. 

Jerusalem is a replica of the Holy City. 50 cents; total cost, 
estimated, $1.50. 

Boer War shows South African life as it was in war time. 25 
and 50 cents. 

Miniature Railway carries passengers in tiny trains of cars. 
1J cents. 

Fairyland, a water chute affair. 10 cents. 

Observation Wheel (Ferris wheel). 50 cents. 

Colorado Gold Mine. 10 cents. 

Poultry Farm. 25 cents. 

Total Admission Fees. 

It has been estimated that it will cost about $25 to see all the 

attractions on The Pike. 



— 148- 



MUSIC AT THE FAIR. 



Perhaps in no other department of the Fair's diversionally 
educational scheme has the experience gained in other similar 
enterprises been more closely followed than in music. 

There are bandstands and music pagodas at several points 
of vantage on the grounds. (See "Bandstands : ' in article on 
"Information in Brief.") Here as many as three concerts 
take place simultaneously morning and afternoon and at hours 
fixed so as not to interfere with the enjoyment of the severer forms 
of music to whose interpretation the various orchestras address 
themselves in Festival Hall. In these stands are heard bands 
like those of Sousa, Innes, Sorrentino, Creatore, Ellery among the 
visitors, the official World's Fair band of St. Louis and other organ- 
izations popular in their particular sections of the country. Military 
music has world-famous exponents in the band of the Garde 
Republicaine of Paris, the Grenadier Guards band (British) of 
London, several of the crack regimental bands of Germany, the 
Boston band, and all of these, duly heralded, will discourse martial 
strains in the bandstands, enlivening the listeners and adding to 
the sum total of enjoyment derivable from a visit to the World's 
Fair. 

The organ is the voice of sacred, solemn and stately music. In 
Festival Hall is the largest organ ever built. This wondrous in- 
strument is to the layman simply inconceivably big. Tonally it 
represents the sounds of many orchestras, many choruses and 
many bands, more of all of these together than may readily be 
grasped by any but scientific musicians. This organ is the tonal 
centerpiece of the entire World's Fair scheme of music and lends 
an imposing dignity and artistic solidity to Festival Hall and its 
lofty uses. Here are to be heard, each according to prearranged 
dates, the world's greatest masters of the sacred keyboard from 
Guilmant of Paris, the dean of the organ faculty, and including 
all the brethren famous in this calling throughout Europe and 
America. These organ recitals are programmed for everv dav of 
the Fair, the charge of admission, 10 cents, being merelv nominal. 
Mr. Charles Galloway of St. Louis is the official organist. 

In Festival Hall are also held the musical festivals in honor of 
special events commemorative of the Louisiana Purchase, the 
great choral concerts in which thousands of voices conjoin and 
singing societies from all parts of the world, and the little children 
of the country's schools will vie with one another in the many prize 
contests that are scheduled. 

Orchestralism having its thousands of votaries in this country, 
there are almost daily orchestra programs in Festival Hall. The 
World's Fair orchestra, under the direction of Mr. Alfred Ernst 
of the St. Louis Choral Symphony Societv, consists of 80 picked 
instrumentalists. Mr. Ernst inclines to the popular orchestral 
forms and takes special delight in morceaux de concert^ concert 
waltzes and the smaller symphonies. Among the famous foreign 
conductors who lead the Festival orchestra when it plays at The 
Pike concessions are Josef Hellmesberger of Vienna and Kary 
Komzak, also of the Austrian metropolis. 

The total of the competitive purses offered by the program and 
awards committee of the Bureau of Music is $30,000. In addition 
to all the foregoing, music, characteristic, popular and entertaining, 
is a feature at each of the various State buildings and the Palaces 
of Foreign Governments. The Pike is at all times fairly resonant 
with characteristic music. 

— 150 — 



Organists. 

Following is a list of organists engaged for the Exposition and 
the dates on which they will play on the big organ in Festival Hall: 

I. V. Flagler, Auburn, N. Y., June 1, 2; H. J. Zehm, Charlotte, N. C, June 
3, 4; H. H. Hunt, Minneapolis, June 6, 7; N. H. Allen, Harttord, June 8, 9; H. M. 
Dunham, Boston, June 10, 11; H. M. Wild, Chicago, June 18, 14; Mrs. M. C. 
Fisher, Rochester, June 15, 16; R. H. Woodman, New \ ork, June 17, 18; G. M. 
Dethier, New York, June 20. 21; H. Parker, New Haven, June 22, 23; G. \Y. 
Andrews, Oberlin, June 24, 25; E. M. Bowman, New York, June 27, 28; W. 
Middleschulte, Chicago, June 20, 30; F. J. Reisberg, New York, July 1, 2: N. J. 
Corey, Detroit, July 4, 5; G. E. Whiting, Boston, July (i. 7; W. X. Steiner, Pitts- 
burg, Pa., July 8, 9; G. Smith, New York, July 11, 12; F. P. Fisk, Kansas City, 
July 13, 14; W. ]. Golph, Buffalo, N. Y., July 15, 16; I. W. Andrews. New York. 
July 18, 19; J. O'Shea, Boston, July 20, 21; J. J. Bishop, Springfield, Mass., July 
22, 23; W. S. Sterling, Cincinnati, July 26, 26; S. N. Penfield, New York, July 
27, 28; H. O. Thunder, Philadelphia, July 20. 30; A. I. Espsein, St. Louis, Aug. 

I, 2; A. Raymond, Boston, Aug. 3, 4; H. Houseley, Denver, Aug. 5, 6; C. S. 
Howe, New York, Aug. 8, 9; S. A. Gibson, New York, A UR. Iff, 11; H. I). Wil- 
kins, Rochester, Aug. 12, 13; A. Guilmant. Paris, Aug. 15 to Sept. 24; W. C. Carl, 
New Y r ork, Sept. 20, 27; F. Dunkley, New Orleans, Sept. 28. 29; E. C. Gale, New 
York, Sept. 30, Oct. 1; J. L. Browne, Atlanta, Oct. 3. 4; H N. Shelley, New 
York, Oct. 5. 6; \V. Kaffenberger, Buffalo, Oct. 7, 8; F. York, Detroit, Oct. 10, 11: 
W. McFarlane, New York, Oct. 12.13; R. K. Miller, Philadelphia, Oct. 14.15; 
E. E. Truette, Boston, Oct. 17, 18; F. J. Benedict, New York. Oct, V-K 20; J. A. 
Pennington, Scranton. Oct. 21, 22; A. Ingham, St. Louis, Oct. 24, 25; W. H. Don- 
ley, Indianapolis, Oct. 26, 27; J. F. Wolle, Bethlehem, Pa., Oct. 28, 29; W. C. 
Hammond, Holyoke, Mass., Oct. 31, Nov. 1; Miss (i. Sans Souci. Minneapolis, 
Nov. 2, 3; A. Dunham, Chicago, Nov. 4, 5; R. H. Peters, Spartansburg, S. C, 
Nov. 7; L. H. Lemare, Pittsburg, Nov. 8, 9, 10; G. 11. Chadwick, Chicago, Nov. 

II, 12; E. Kreiser, Kansas City, Nov. 14, 15; L. L. Renwick. Ann Arbor, Nov. 
16,17; S. Salter, New York, Nov. 18. 19: L. Holloway, Baltimore, Nov. 21,22; 
H. B. Day, New York, Nov. 23, 21; F. C. Chace, Albion, Mich., Nov. 25, 26; A. 
Scott-Brook, Los Angeles, Nov. 28, 29; C. Galloway, St. Louis, Nov. 80. 

ATHLETIC EVENTS. 



A series of athletic events has been arranged for the Stadium 
and athletic field at the w. end of the grounds. The events are 
under the control of the Department of Physical Culture, and are, 
in effect, exhibits of that department. They cover the entire 'field 
of action in professional and amateur lines, and extend throughout 
the Exposition period. The chief event is the Third Olympiad. 

The Stadium. . 

A fine athletic field has been laid out for displaying these con- 
tests, and a Stadium to accommodate 25,000 spectators has been 
erected. A gymnasium equipped under direction of experts in 
physical culture is at the service of competing athletes. 

Third Olympiad. 

All sports of the World's Fair period are designated as 
Olympic events by authority of the International Olympic Com- 
mittee, but special events during the last week of August are 
known as the Olympiad. Other athletic events are distributed 
through the seven months, as follows: 

Olympic Events. 

May 13. Ail-Around College Gymnastic Championships. 

" 14. Interscholastic Meet for Missouri only. 

" 21. Open Handicap Athletic Meeting. 

" 28. Interscholastic Meet for the Schools of the Louisiana Purchase 
Territory. 

June 2. Amateur Athletic Union Handicap Meeting. 

" 3. Amateur Athletic Union Junior Championships. 

" 4. Amateur Athletic Union Senior Championships. 

" 6. Interscholastic Baseball. 

" 7. Interscholastic Baseball. 

" 8-9. Interscholastic Baseball. 

— 152 — 



June 10. Interscholastic Baseball. 

11. Western College Championships. 
" 18. Ma>s Exhibition Turners. 

" 20-25. College Baseball. 

" 29-30. Interscholastic Championships. 
July 1-2. Turners' International Individual and Team Contest. 
4. Amateur Athletic Union Ail-Around Championships. 

" 4-5-6. Elementary and High School Games. 

•' 5-7. Lacrosse. 

" 8-9. Swimming and Water Polo Championships. 

11-12. Basketball Championships <>f the World. 

" 13-14. College Basketball Championships. 

" 15-16. Interscholastic Basketball Championships. 

" 20-23. Irish Sports, Hurling and Gaelic Football. 

" 29. Open Athletic Club Handicap Meeting— Western Association 

Amateur Athletic Union. 

" 29-30. National Regatta. 

" 30. Championships of Western Association Amateur Athletic Union. 

Aug. 1-0. Bicycling. 

" 1-13. Roque Tournament. 

" 1-31. Special Physical Training Program, Lectures, Exhibits, etc. 

" 15-17. Bowling on the Green. 

" 15-20 Y. M. C. A. Atnletics. 

" 29-Sept. 3. OLYMPIC GAMES. 
Tennis. 
Sept. 8-10. World's Fencing Championships. 

" 12-17. Olympic Cricket Championships. 

" 19-21. National Archery Association. 

" 19-24. Golf. 

" 26-Oct. 1. Military Carnival. 
Oct. 14-15. A. A. U. Wrestling Championships. 

" 27. Turners' Mass Convention. 

" 28. Amateur Athletic Union Gymnastic Championships. 

Colleee Gvmnastic Championships. 

" 29. Gymnastic Championships. 

Nov. 7-12. Interscholastic Football. 

" 10-11. Relay Racing, open to Athletic Clubs, Colleges, Schools and Y. M. 
C. A. 

12. College Football. 

" 15-19. Association Football. 

" 17. Cross Country Championships — Afternoon. 

" 21-26. Intercollegiate Football. 

" 24. College Football and Local Cross Country Championships, East 

vs. West. 

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES. 



The International Congresses, scheduled for the World's Fair 
period in St. Louis, cover a wider range and a more comprehensive 
scope than any series of meetings ever held in the world. Liter- 
ature, art, science and industry in every branch and in all their 
widest ramifications are included in the list, and the thinkers of the 
world are included among the attendants on these great gather- 
ings. As the Louisiana Purchase Exposition is the greatest of 
World's Fairs, so these International Congresses were planned on a 
scale of universal importance and interest. The experience of 
those who figured in or made a study of the gatherings of scholars. 
scientists and world-builders at the Paris Exposition in 1889, when 
the first effort was made to bring together these great and brainy 
men, served materially to guide the gathering of a similar kind on 
a broader scale at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. 
The broadening of ideas and the general demonstration of the 
value and importance of such gatherings that resulted from the 
Chicago gathering, enabled those who came to the front in this 
matter in connection with the Louisiana Exposition to build on still 
broader lines and to plan congresses ot a genuinely universal signifi- 
cance. The development of the general idea of universal con- 
gresses was materially advanced at the Paris Exposition in 1900, 
when something like a definite plan was evolved. Guided by these 
precedents, the men who planned the scope of the congresses 
to be held in St. Louis in 1904 worked boldly with the view of 

— 154- 



giving the world something surpassing anything ever before at- 
tempted and in keeping with the greatness of the Exposition. 
This was entirely proper, as at the St. Louis World's Fair the ed- 
ucational features dominate. 

A general division was made of the congresses into three 
classes: The first, and by general consent the most important, 
includes the General Congress of Arts and Sciences, and the 
greatest care and most earnest effort were shown in the invitations 
issued for the sessions of this series of meetings. The world of 
letters and of action was searched, and invitations were based 
on the recognized standing of the persons invited in their respec- 
tive fields of study and effort. That these might be free to accept 
the call extended to them, provision was made for the payment of 
traveling expenses. Dates for this General Congress of Arts and 
Sciences were set for September 19-26; the Hall of Congresses was 
reserved. As a general proposition it was planned that the prime 
object of this universal gathering should be to set forth, to discuss 




CEYLON PAVILION. 



and to demonstrate the mutual relations of the sciences, to develop 
their principles and to discuss their history and growth; the one 
great purpose being to promote mutual sympathy and unity of 
action among workers in the various fields. An appropriation of 
$200,000 was made to defray the cost of these international gather- 
ings, the idea being that more than half the amount would be 
required for this first great series of meetings. Invitations were 
promptly accepted, and almost at the outset a gathering was 
assured such as was never before brought together. An adminis- 
trative board was appointed to map out work for this congress, 
plan the programmes and have charge of the invitations. This 
board consists of: Nicholas Murray Butler, LL. D., President of 
Columbia University, Chairman; William R. Harper, LL. D., 
President of the Universitv of Chicago; R. H. Jesse, LL. D., 
President of the University of Missouri; Henry S. Pritchett, LL. 
D., President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Her- 
bert Putnam, Litt. D., Librarian of Congress; Frederick J. V. 
Skiff, Director of the Field Columbian Museum. 

— 155 — 



As an organizing committee, this board chose: President, 
Simon Newcomb, Ph. D., LL. D., D. C. L., D. Sc, retired Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics, United States Navy; Vice-Presidents, Hugo 
Munsterberg, M. D., Ph. D., Professor of Psychology in Harvard 
University; Albion W. Small, Ph. D., Professor of Sociology in 
the University of Chicago. 

The administration board and the organizing committee, work- 
ing together, made a general division of the whole field of science 
into 7 divisions and 24 departments. These were again divided 
into 127 sections. The 7 general divisions are: 

A — Normative Science. 

B — Historical Science. 

C — Physical Science. 

D — Mental Science. 

E — Utilitarian Science. 

F — Regulative Science. 

G — Cultural Science. 
Leaders were selected under each of these 7 general divisions 
and ripe scholars were chosen to participate in the deliberations 
of each of the 127 sections. It was arranged that the great con- 
gress should open with a general meeting in the Hall of Congresses 
at 10 a. m., Monday, September 19, when the president of the con- 
gress should deliver his address. Then should follow the separate 
meetings of the 7 divisions, at each of which a leading address 
should be delivered on the general divisional subject. The next 
day, Tuesday, September 20, was set apart for meetings of the 24 
departments, to be followed by separation into the 127 sections for 
the balance of the week. The plan contemplates the delivery of 
310 addresses in this great scientific congress, all of which will be 
printed by the Exposition. 

Scarcely less in importance than this great congress comes the 
second division of the three into which those in charge divided the 
field of work. This class includes 15 international meetings. 

The third grand general division of these assemblies has a 
long list of meetings of organizations of a miscellaneous character, 
including charitable and technical clubs, industrial bodies, patriotic 
associations, trade guilds and professional organizations. This 
series of meetings begins with the Federation of Women's Clubs, 
May 18-25, and is practically continuous through the life of the 
Exposition. 

For all these assemblies, halls and meeting-places have been 
provided by the Exposition absolutely without expense to the 
various organizations. The great library building of Washington 
University, immediately w. of the Administration building, has 
been designated as the Hall of Congresses, and most of the more 
important bodies have been assigned dates there. The great Coli- 
seum building, in the center of town, on 13th and Locust sts., 
is at the service of such bodies as desire to hold meetings in the 
city rather than on the World's Fair grounds. Besides these two 
large meeting-places, a great many halls and rooms are provided 
both in and outside the World's Fair grounds. 

Dates of Congresses. 

International Congress dates are as follows: 

May 16-21. International Press Congress. 

July 5-9. International Educational Congress under the auspices of the 

National Educational Association. 
Aug. 20. International Congress for the Deaf. 

" 29-Sept. 3. Fourth International Dental Congress. 
Sept. 5-10. International Interparliamentary Congress. 

" 12-17. Third International Congress on Electricity. 

" 19-26. Congress of Arts and Sciences. 

— 156 — 



Sept. 28-30. International Congress of Lawyers and Jurists. 

Oct. 3-9. International Congress on Engineering. 

•' 10-15. International Congress on Temperance. 

" 12-14. International Sunday Rest Congress. 

" 17-20. International Congress on Instruction of the Deaf. 

" 17-20. International Library of Congress. 

Date unfixed. International Congress on Aeronautics. 

Date unfixed. International Parliamentary Congress. 

Date unfixed. International Peace Congress. 

SPECIAL DAYS. 



July 
Aug. 


14. 
6. 


" 


12. 


" 


19. 


Sept. 


16. 


Oct. 


0. 



FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL DAYS. 

June 24. Swedish Day. (A leading anniversary day of Sweden. The cer- 
emonies of this day will be under charge of a committee of lead- 
ing Swedes of this country.) 

French National Day. (Celebrating the Fall of the Bastille.) 

Bohemian Day. (Celebrating the Fiftieth Anniversary of the first 
Bohemian Society organized in the United States.) 

State of Cuba Day. (Anniversary of the signing of the Protocol of 
the Treaty of Paris between the United States and Spain.) 

Swiss Day. (A commemorative event under the auspices of the 
Swiss Societies of the United States.) 

United States of Mexico Day. (Anniversary of National Independ- 
ence.) 

German Day. (The leading Germans throughout the country expect 
to make this the most notable gathering ever held in this country.) 
" 12. Italian Day. (Under the auspices of the Italian Commission.) 

STATE DAYS. 

June 2. State of Kentucky Day. (Commemorating her Natal Day.) 

" 7. State of Minnesota Day. 

" 14. State of Montana Day. 

" 15. State of Oregon Day. (Celebrating the Treaty between the United 
States and Great Britain made in 1846, fixing the International 
Boundary at the 49th parallel ot latitude.) 

" 16. State of Iowa Day. 

" 17. State of Iowa Day. 

" 20. State of West Virginia Day. (Anniversary of Admission into the 
Union.) 

" 27. State of Wisconsin Day. 

" 29. State of Wisconsin Day. 
July 7. State of Mississippi Day. 

" 11. State of Wyoming. (Commemorating Anniversary of Statehood.) 

" 25. Porto Rico Day. 
Aug. 13. Philippine Day. 

" 19. Territory of New Mexico. (Anniversary of General Kearney's tak- 
ing formal possession of the Territory for the United States.) 

" 20. State of Pennsylvania Day. (Anniversary of the Battle of Fallen 
Timbers, where General "Mad Anthony" Wayne, a native son of 
Pennsylvania, commanded United States troops and volunteers.) 
Sept. 1. State of Tennessee Day. 

" 1. State of Indiana Day. 

" 6. Territory of Oklahoma. 

" 9. State of California Day. (Anniversary of Admission into the Union.) 

" 12. State of Maryland Day. (Anniversary of the Battle of North 
Point, of especial historic interest to Maryland people.) 

" 14. State of Louisiana Day. 

" 15. State of Indiana Day. 

" 17. State of Colorado Day. 

" 17. State of Massachusetts Day. (Anniversary of the signing of the 
Charter, 1680, of the old town of Tri-Mountain, afterwards called 
Boston.) 

" 20. State of Nevada Day. 

" 21. State of Illinois Day. 

" 22. State of Illinois Day. 

" 23. State of Virginia Day. 

" 24. State of Idaho Day. 

" 27. State of North Dakota Day. 

" 30. State of Kansas Day. 
Oct. 1. Indian Territory Day. 

" 4. State of New York Day. 

5. State of Rhode Island Day. 
" 6. State of New Jersey Day. 

" 6. State of Maine Day. 

6. State of Ohio Day. 

" 11. State of Missouri Day. 
" 12. State of Michigan Day. 

— 157 — 



Oct. 13. State of Connecticut Day. 

18. Territory of Alaska. (Anniversary of transfer of Alaska to, the 
United States by the Russian Commissioners.) 
u 18. State of Nebraska Day. (Anniversary of the first Territorial Govern- 
or's oath of office.) 
il 20. State of Utah Day. 

20. District of Columbia Day. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

May 24. Cincinnati Day. 

lune 11. East St. Louis Day. 

Aug, 11. St. Louis Day. 

Sept. 5. Oklahoma City Day. 

Oct. 3. City of New York Day. 

Nov. 15. Borough of Brooklyn Day. 

Date unfixed. Kansas City, Mo.; Chicago, 111.; St. Joseph, Mo. 

FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS. 



Fraternal organizations and secret orders were among the first 
to secure special days at the Exposition. The list of special 
events includes practically every fraternal organization in the 
country. Meetings and parades on the grounds are scheduled for 
every day during the Exposition. A great hotel is conducted by 
these organizations for the special accommodation of their mem- 
bers. The Temple of Fraternity is one of the noted buildings, 
located near the center of the grounds, on an elevated position, and 
surrounded by flower-beds. In this building there are forty rooms, 
the first floor being devoted to the Hall of Fame, a great portrait 
gallery of men and women who have been conspicuous in fraternal 
society work. This building is three stories, with a basement, and 
cost $(55,000. It is the headquarters for all fraternalists at the 
Fair. The House of Hoo-Hoo (see "House of Hoo-Hoo"), the 
World's Fair home of the lumbermen's fraternal organization, is 
s. of the Cascade Gardens and is a roomy building with a veranda 
f.00 feet long. Nearly $25,000 was spent on this structure. The T. 
P. A. building, on the Plateau of States, is another fraternal con- 
tribution to World's Fair architecture. The commercial travelers 
spent nearly $20,000 in its erection and furnishing. Other organi- 
zations have headquarters and meeting-places in other buildings, 
and the force of fraternization is impressed upon the entire 
Exposition. 

Conventions. 

Following is a list of conventions as arranged by the Com- 
mittee on Ceremonies: 

Rebekah Day. 

Order of United Commercial Travelers of America. 

Travelers' Protective Association. 

Junior Order United American Mechanics. 

Royal Arcanum. 

Royal League. 

United Commercial Travelers. 

Knights of Honor. 

Legion of Honor. 

Fraternal Tribunes. 

United Order of Foresters. 

Ancient Order Hibernians. 

Elks. 

Knights of the Maccabees, Uniform Rank Encampment. 

Pythian Day. 

Rathbone Sisters. 

Pythian Sisterhood. 

D. O. K. K. 

Western Commercial Travelers' Association. 

Improved Order of Heptasophs. 

Eagle Day. 

Fraternal Aid Association. 

— 158 — 



Ma y 


20. 


June 


3. 




10. 


" 


23. 


" 


, 25 


ii 


29. 


" 


30. 




30. 


July 


1. 




7. 


" 


18. 










" 


26. 


Aug. 


22-27. 


" 


22. 


" 


23. 




23. 




•„4. 












30. 


" 


31. 


Sept. 


8. 



Sept. 3. Sons and Daughters of Justice. 

5-9. Foresters' Teams, Modern Woodmen of America. 

" 6. Woodmen's Modern Protective Association. 

" 7. Royal Neighbors. 

" 8. Modern Woodmen of America. 

" 10. Order of Mutual Protection. 

" 13. Catholic Knights of America. 

" 14. Woodmen of the World. 

" 14. Woodmen's Circle. 

15. The Home Circle. 

" 16. Modern Maccabees. 

" 17. Improved Order Red Men. 

" 19. National Protective Legion. 

" 20. Associated Fraternities of America. 

" 20. Fraternal Bankers of America. 

" 21. Order of the Eastern Star. 

" 21. Mystic Workers of the World. 

" 23. Order of Americus. 

23. The Order of Washington. 

" 24. National Union. 

" 26. Temple of Fraternity. 

" 26. Missouri Fraternal Congress. 

" 27. National Fraternal Congress. 

" 28. Maccabees of the World. 

" 29. Knights and Ladies of Security. 

" 30. World's Fraternal Congress. 

Oct. 1. Protected Home Circle. 

" 3. Knights of the Loyal Guard. 

"• 7. Columbian Knights. 

" 10. American Guild. 

" 12. Knights of Columbus. 

" 12. Catholic Women's Benevolent Legion. 

" 13. Daughters of Columbia. 

" 14. Fraternal Union of America. 

" 15. Mystic Toilers. 

" 19. Court of Honor. 

" 21. Supreme Tribe of Ben-Hur. 

23. Fraternal Mystic Circle. 

" 24. Bankers' Union of the World. 

27. Ancient Order of United Workmen. 

" 27. Degree of Honor. (Ladies' Auxiliary to the A. O. U. W.) 



MILITARY ENCAMPMENTS, ETC. 



Nearly every state in the Union contributes national guard 
organizations. Many military schools, including the National 
Military Academy, at West Point, have fixed special dates, and 
drills, parades and encampments are scheduled for every day of 
the Exposition. Special and comprehensive arrangements have 
been made at the Exposition for the comfort and convenience of 
these military organizations. An extensive reserve has been set 
apart for the camps of the various military organizations w. of the 
Administration building and in close proximity to the Aeronautic 
Concourse and the Athletic Arena. Large barracks, 7 in number, 
have been provided, and 2,000 troops can be comfortably cared for 
at one time. The grounds and barracks are provided without cost, 
but the feeding of the soldiers is left to the men themselves or to 
their organizations. Meals are secured by the soldiers at 25 cents 
each. Only one charge of admission to the grounds is made, a 
system of passes being arranged by which the soldiers can go and 
come as they please during their stay. 

Drills and Evolutions. 

The drills and parades of the troops are not confined to the 
camp grounds. The Grand Plaza of St. Louis, on the Main av. and 
facing Cascade Hill, is the scene of most of the drills and evolu- 
tions ot the uniformed organizations. This plaza is 750 by 300 feet, 
paved with hard rolled burnt red clay. Brilliant military spec- 
tacles are daily events on this plaza. 

-160 — 



West Point Cadets. 

Special interest, of course, attaches to the appearance of the 
cadets from West Point, who secured a two-weeks' furlough and 
selected the period from May 15 to June 2 as their time at the Ex- 
position. Next in order of interest are the State troops. 

Military Schools. 

Military schools were quick to see the opportunity for making 
a demonstration, and they came with a rush for special days. The 
list of these military schools includes institutions in nearly every 
state in the Union. All have been provided for and there is no 
more interesting feature of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
than the drills and parades of these schools. Of course, people 
from each particular state are interested in their schools. 

Army Veterans. 

Besides these regularly organized and uniformed troops and 
cadets, variety is added to the military feature of the Exposition 
bv the presence of veterans of the Civil war, soldiers who saw 
service in the Philippines and in the Spanish-American war, army 
nurses, military surgeons and similar organizations. Memorial 
Dav, May 30, has been assigned to the G. A. R. for ceremonies 
in Festival Hall. 

Semi-Military Organizations. 

Semi-military organizations connected with various fraternal 
organizations are pleasing features of the general military program. 
Uniformed bodies of men represent the Knights of Pythias, 
the Maccabees, Junior Order of American Mechanics, and other 
organizations. Military and semi-military dates are as follows: 



May 16-21. 

" 23-JuneO. 
" 25- " 3. 

27. 
" 27-June5. 



June 



6. 
11 7. 

1-12. 

2-10. 

2-16. 

3-12. 

3-18. 

6-13. 

6-16. 

6-16. 
10-18. 
10-19. 
13-18. 
13-20. 
15. 
15-28. 
18-28. 



19-26. 

26-July 5. 

27- " 6. 

2-9. 

2-10. 

3-13. 

16-23. 

17-23. 

19-30. 



23-30. 

" 26-Aug. 3. 

" 30- " 3. 

" 30- " 8. 

Aug. 1-10. 

i-io. 



July 



Ohio Normal University, Ada, Ohio. 

Culver Military Academy, Culver, Ind. 

WEST POINT CADETS. 

Wentworth Military Academy, Lexington, Mo. 

State College of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. 

Kentucky Military Academy, Lyndon, Ky. 

St. John's Military College, Annapolis, Md. 

Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va. 

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La. 

Wilson Light Infantry, North Carolina N. G , Wilson, N. C. 

Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College. 

Hill Military Academy, Portland, Ore. 

Western Military Academy, Upper Alton, 111. 

Kansas Wesleyan College, Sahna, Kan. 

University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. 

St. John's Military Academy, Salina, Kan. 

Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va. 

Company A, 53d Regiment, Iowa N. G., Dubuque, la. 

St. John's Military Academy, Delafield, Wis. 

Northwestern Military Academy, Highland Park, 111. 

South Carolina Academy, Citadel, Charleston, S. C. 

South Dakota Agricultural College, Brookings, S. D. 

Ohio Brigade, U. R., Knights of Pythias. 

Simpson College, Indianola, la. 

National Guard of Wisconsin. 

Southern Normal University, Huntington, Tenn. 

Company B, 1st Infantry, Indiana N. G., Terre Haute, Ind. 

Columbus Rifles, Columbus, Ohio. 

Yale Battalion, New Haven, Conn. 

1st Regiment Infantry, Illinois N. G. 

Columbus Guard, Company C, 4th Regiment Infantry, 

Columbus, Ga. 
Swift's Mission Brigade, Allegheny, Pa. 

70th Regiment Infantry, Virginia Volunteers, Danville, Va. 
7th Infantry, Illinois N. G. 
Hampton Fire Department, Hampton, Va. 
8th Infantry, Illinois N. G. 
Alleghenj' Rifles, Allegheny, Pa. 

71st Regiment Infantry, Virginia Volunteers, Norfolk, Va. ■. 
Company A, Reading Artillerists, Reading, Pa. 

— 161 — 



Aug. 


13-21. 




13-20. 


" 


15-25. 


" 


22. 


" 


22-27. 


Sept. 


1-15. 




4-10. 




12-17. 


Oct. 


1-8. 


" 


2-8. 


» 


9-18. 


" 


12-14. 



Culver Summer Naval School. 

4th Division, Illinois Naval Reserves. 

Hamilton Rifles, Hamilton, Ohio. 

3d Regiment, Uniform Rank. K of P., California. 

Knights of the Maccabees, Uniform Rank. 

Company D, 7th Regiment Infantry, N. G., California. 

Modern Woodmen of America. 

Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. 

Company C, 2d Regiment, N. G. of Maine, Bath, Me. 

Company A, 5th Regiment Infantry, M. V. M., Charlestown 

Mass. 
Company B, 3d Infantry, Michigan N. G., Bay City, Mich. 
Troop A, Governor's Guard, Hartford, Conn. 

MILITARY DATES UNFIXED. 

2d Regiment Infantry, Alabama N. G. 

Company G, 2d Infantry, N. G., Nebraska, Omaha, Neb. 

Kentucky State Guard (three regiments). 

South Dakota National Guard (in September). 

Kentucky State Guard. 

South Dakota National Guard. 

Portion Nebraska National Guard. 

Portion National Guard of Kansas. 

Essex Fusiliers, Canada. 

Frazier Light Guards, Memphis, Tenn. 

Palmetto Riflemen. Company E, 1st Regiment Infantry, South Carolina, 

Anderson, S C. 
71st Regiment, Virginia Volunteers, Norfolk, Va. 
University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. 
Company H, 1st Regiment, Georgia Volunteer Regiment, German Volunteers, 

Savannah, Ga. 
Company K, 3d Regiment, N. G., North Carolina, Mount Airy, N. C. 
Columbia Light Infantry, Lake City, Fla. 

Washington Guards, Company L, 70th Virginia Infantry, Fredericksburg, Va. 
Bishop Scott Academy, Portland, Ore. 
Appleton City Academy, Appleton City, Mo. 
Company B. Howard Cadet Corps, East Lake, Ala. 
31 Separate Companies, N. G., New York, Geneva, N. Y. 
Battery C, 1st Light Artillery, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Lawrence, 

Mass. 
Carlisle Military Academy, Arlington, Tex. 

PATRIOTIC DAYS. 

April 30. Formal opening of the World's Fair with impressive ceremonies. 
May 30. Memorial Day. Ceremonies in Festival Hall. 
June 7. United Daughters of 1812. 
" 14. Daughters of the American Revolution. 
15. Sons of the American Revolution. 
July 4. American Independence Day. 
Aug. 13. Army of the Philippines Day. 
Sept. 10. Spanish War Veterans Day. 

23. Lewis Loyal Legion Day. (Under the auspices of the Lewis Family 
descendants of Captain Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark 
Expedition.) 
" 23. Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition Day. (Under the auspices 
of the Lewis and Clark Exposition, this being the anniversary of 
the day in 1800, when Lewis and Clark returned ft om their Western 
mission to St. Louis.) 
" 29. Native Sons and Daughters of Kansas Day. (Patriotic exercises.) 
Oct. 3-8. Spanish-American War Nurses Day. 
" 4. Army of the Tennessee. 
" 5. Society of the Army of the Ohio. 

" 19. Jefferson Day (The ceremonies upon this occasion are under the 
charge of the Jefferson Memorial Association of Washington, 
D. C.) 
" 19. Colonial Dames of America Day. (Anniversary of surrender of Lord 
Cornwallis at Yorktown.) 

FAMILY REUNION DAYS. 



June 3, Estill Family Reunion (Kentucky branch); June 29, Paxton Family 
Reunion; July 20. Wherry Family Reunion; Aug 31, Tyler Family Reunion; 
Sept. 7, Brigham Family Reunion; Oct. 10, Kingsbury Family Reunion. 



— 162 



ASSOCIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS. 



Of associations and conventions, other than congresses so 
called, a very larye number and representing a varietv of human 
interests are scheduled for meetings. They cover a wide field in 
the domains of domestic science, art, fraternity, business, manu- 
factures, special medicine, benevolences, religious associations and 
the like. The list includes only those associations for which it 
was necessary to assign halls for their meetings and presentations 
of set programs. Many hundreds of other associations have been 
booked to hold reunions on the grounds and for which no pre- 
viously arranged meeting-place has been required. 

The associations and conventions thus assigned are: 

May 



11-13. 
19-21. 



Missouri Funeral Directors' Association. 

National Editorial Association. 

Missouri State Medical Association. 

Council of Jewish Women. 

Operative Millers of America. 

National Mothers' Congress. 

North American Skat Convention. 
June 12. National Federation of Musical Clubs. 

6-7. United States Brewers' Association. 

National Co-operative Congress. 

Christian Brothers' College. 

Federation Day Nurseries. 

American Park and Outdoor League. 

American League for Civic Improvement. 

National Municipal Improvement League. 

National Eclectic and Medical Association. 

Arbeiter-Sangerbund. 

P. E. O. Sisterhood. 

Railway Clerks of America. 

United Typothetaj of Amei ica. 

World's Unity League. 

Music Teachers' National Association. 
11-12. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. 
12-15. Convention of Associated Bill Posters and Distributers. 

American Osteopathic Association. 

International Apple Shippers' Association. 

National Harness Manufacturers. 

National Window Trimmers' Association. 

International Typographical Union. 

Society of American Florists. 

National Shorthand Reporters' Association. 

National Association for the Deaf. 

National Deaf-Mute Association. 

American Institute of Bank Clerks. 

National Association Dental Examiners. 
Sept. 6-8. National Association of Master Plumbers. 

Society for Promotion of Engineering Education. 

American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 



July 



■js -.".I 



8-9. 

8-9. 
9-11. 
9-11. 

13-ir. 

14-18. 

18. 

18. 
20-22. 
20-23 
28-30. 

HTuly l. 



12-16. 
3-5. 

8-10. 

8-10. 

8-13. 
15-20. 



25-^7. 
25-27. 

6-8. 
8-10. 
13-15. 
13-18. 
15-17. 
26-28. 
26-Oct. 1. 

3-5. 

3-8. 

4-6. 
7-15. 
10-15. 
13-20. 
14. 
18-21. 
18-21. 
24-26. 
25-28. 
26-28. 
29-30. 

1-2. 

3-5. 



National Association of Master Bakers. 
American Neurological Association. 
Federation of Society of Public Accounts. 
Federation de 1'Alliance Franchise. 
American Congress on Tuberculosis. 
Society Spanish-American War Nurses. 
American Society of Municipal Improvement. 
Woman's Christian Temperance Union. 
International Congress of Military Surgeons. 
American Missionary Societies. 
Anti-Cigarette League. 
American Library Association. 
National Spiritualists' Association. 
National Council of Women. 
New Thought Convention, 1904. 
National Nut Growers' Association. 
Interdenominational Home Missionary Convention. 
International Order of King's Daughters and Sons. 
Collegiate Alumnae Association. 



164 — 



SPECIAL EVENTS. 



Besides the many classified events, or such as readily admit of 
cognate arrangement, there is quite a large number to be partici- 
pated in or required by associations, occasional and impromptu 
bodies, many of whom have but recently sprung into existence, 
others desiring such an assignment of dates as will best suit the 
convenience of members and their friends. Educational, fraternal, 
technical and commercial bodies, having applied for special dates, 
have been accommodated by a schedule and detail of which the 
following is a resume: 

May 1-2. United Christian Party. 

16-21. National and International Good Roads Convention. 

" 21. Machinists' Day. 

" 26. Missouri Bankers' Day. 

28. Millers' Day. 

June 1. American Press Humorists' Dav. 

" 2. Culver Military Academy Day. 

3. Mark Twain Day. 

4. "Pike" Day. 

" 6. International Association Chiefs of Police. 

8. Christian Brothers' College. 

" 10. Indiana Press Day. 

" 11. East St. Louis High School Day. 

15. Eclectic Day. 

16. Washington University Alumni Day. 
" 17. National Hay Association Dav. 

21. Printing and Allied Trades' Day. 

'■ 22 Order of Railway Clerks of America Day. 

22. College Editors' Day. 

''• 23. New Century Knights and Ladies' Day. 

2-1. National Association nf Railway Agents' Day. * 

" 28. Michigan University Day. 

29. Roger Williams University Day— Nashville, Tenn. 

July 2. Amateur Journalists' Day. 

6. Fisk University Day. 

" 12. American Osteopathic Association Day. 

13. National Association Colored Women's Clubs Day. 

20. Coal Man's Day. 

" 27. Amateur Photographers' Day. 

" 28. Master Butchers of America Day. 

Aug. 1-2. Emancipation Day. 

10. International Typographical Union Day. 

'' 11. National Automobile Association Day. I Touring from all parts of 

the country, reaching St. Louis August 10, and to assist in 
St. Louis Day, August 11. 
11-12. National Young" Men's Baraca Union. 
" 16. Newsboys' Day. 

17. Music Dealers' Day. 
" 18. Stenographers' Day. 

20. Gallaudet Day. 

" 22-27. National Firemen's Association. 

" 24. Deutscher Kriegerbund Day. * 

Sept. 2. Jewelers' and Silversmiths' Day. 

3. Opticians' Day. 

" 7. United National Association Postoffice Clerks. 

" 7. Alumni Wells College Day. 

" 9. House of Hoo-Hoo Day. 

" 12. International Stewards' Association. 

" 15. German Catholic Central Verein Day. 

" 15. Farmers' Day. 

" 17. Rural Letter Carriers' Day. 

" 19. National Association of Laundry men Day. 

" 21. Brewmasters' Day. 

27. Apple Day. 

Oct. 4. Advertising Men's Day. 

7. Daughters of the Confederacy Day. 
" 8. Chicago Press Day. 

11. Catholic Total Abstinence Day. 

18. Helen Kellar Day. 

" 18. St. Louis University Day. 

" 25. National Creamery Men's Day. 

M 26. National Dairy Men's Day. 



— 165 



PRINCIPAL HOTELS. 



In the matter of hotels St. Louis is well equipped. Some of 
the finest hostelries and the best managed are here. (See list.) 

In the vicinity of the World's Fair grounds, a great manv very 
large temporary structures have been built. The largest of these 
is the Inside Inn, the only hotel inside the World's Fair grounds. 
This is situated at the s. e. corner of the grounds, near Clayton and 
Oakland avs.; Napoleon Bonaparte Hotel is on De Baliviere av., 
near the principal entrance; the American, on De Baliviere av., 
close to the Napoleon Bonaparte; Fraternal Home, on Clayton av., 
near Skinker Road (University bl.); Outside Inn, n. w. corner Delmar 
and Hamilton av.; Epworth, n. of grounds at Washington and 
Melville avs.; Visitors' World's Fair, Kingsbury bl. and Clara av., 
four blocks from Lindell entrance; Kenilworth, W. Park and Billon 
avs; Christian Endeavor, just s. of center of World's Fairgrounds; 
Forest Park University, s. of the park near the s. e. corner of the 
grounds; Grand View Fraternal, just s. of the grounds and w. of 
Christian Endeavor; Forest Park Hotel, on Clayton Road, e. of 
Fraternal Home; Cottage City, on Clayton Road, between Skinker 
Road (University bl.) and Pennsylvania av.; Billon, Billon and W. 
Park avs.; Oakland, Clayton and Oakland avs.; States, just outside 
the s. e. corner of grounds; Heights Hotel Cottages, s. w. corner 
of grounds; Hotel Walther, Delmar bl.,opp. Delmar Garden; Wise 
Av. Apartments, 3 blocks from Cheltenham, s. side of the grounds. 
Three or four tent cities are also located near the Fair grounds. 



**«Ml^ 



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CUSTOM HOUSE AND POST-OFFICE. 
— 166 — 



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INFORMATION IN BRIEF. 

Admission Fee. 

Admission fees to the Fair grounds are as follows: Adults, GO 
cents; children under 12 years, 25 cents; children under 5 years, 
free. A season ticket of 18-1 admissions, with the purchaser's 
photograph printed on the cover, is sold for S25. Tickets may be 
used as often as desired on the same day. No tickets are to be 
sold at the gates. A coin of the proper denomination is to be 
dropped into a holder and this works the turnstile automatically. 
There are to be official money changers at each gate. As the coin 
drops, it registers the admission, both at the gate and in the office 
of the Chief of Admissions. There are 87 turnstiles. 

Area. 

The Exposition site, comprising a little over 1,240 acres, is 
made up of the following parcels of ground: Part of Forest Park, 
(i.">7 acres; Washington University tract, 545 acres; Catlin tract, 
occupied by The Pike, 61 acres. 

Baggage and Bus. 

Uniformed agents of the St. Lou s Transfer Co. pass through 
every train before reaching the city and baggage may be checked 
to any part of the city. The charge ranges from 50 cents to 11.00 
for each piece of baggage checked, depending on the distance from 
Union Station. The bus fare is included in the charge, for the 
down-town district. For outlying parts of the city, cabs are pro- 
vided at $1.50 per person. Baggage may be checked from any 
house or hotel back to destination by leaving a call with the St. 
Louis Transfer Co. at least 24 hours ahead of time, or at any of 
the railroad ticket offices. Transportation must be shown to the 
baggageman when he calls for the baggage. 

Bands and Bandstands. 

Bandstands are located as follows: At the n. end of the Plaza 
of St. Louis on each side of the Plaza; one at each end, e. and w., 
of the garden between the Machinery and Transportation build- 
ings; one at the s. end of the Plaza of Orleans; one in front of the 
United States Government building. Concerts are also given 
occasionally at the entrance to Administration building. There 
are at least two concerts daily at each stand, by a different band in 
each instance. The concerts are at 4 in the afternoon and 8 in the 
evening and are usually popular in character. The Philippine 
Scout band, with an up-to-date equipment of instruments costing 
about $10,000, renders select programmes daily in various parts of 
the grounds. (For additional information, see article on •'.Music 
at the Fair.") 

Bank and Safe Deposit Co. 

A bank located at the n. end of the Plaza of St. Louis affords 
ample banking facilities for all in need of them. It is incorporated 
as the Bankers' World's Fair National Bank of St. Louis, with a 
capital of $200,000, and is operated bv the associated banks of St. 
Louis, thus making it one of the safest concerns in the world. 
The same company conducts a trust and safe deposit business in 
the same building. 

Boats. 

Launches, barges and gondolas, for trips on the lagoons and 
Grand Basin, cost 50 cents per hour per person. 

— 172 — 



Cameras. 

The use of tripod cameras, or of those taking pictures over 4x5 
inches, is prohibited. Kodaks of 4x5 size or less are permitted. 

Colors. 

The colors of the Exposition are red, white, yellow and blue, 
and are largely worn by ladies in the shape of streamers made of 
narrow ribbon. These colors are emblematic of the United States 
and France. The official flag has a field of blue with a fleur de lis 
and 14 stars in white, with 3 broad stripes— red, white and yel- 
low. The stars represent the 14 states comprising the Louisiana 
Purchase Territory. 

Dress. 

Care should be taken to dress properly, according to the 
season, that sightseeing may be done with the utmost comfort. In 
May and early June, late September and October, light topcoats 
and wraps are recommended for cool days. In November, heavier 
outer garments, with medium weight top garments, will be found 
convenient. 
Express Offices. 

All the express companies, except the Pacific, maintain a joint 
office on the grounds, on the Model Street. Delivery within the 
grounds is free. The Pacific express office is in the Wabash 
station, at the Main entrance. Express packages are delivered free 
in the city in the district between the river and Grand av., St. 
Louis av. and 2400 South. 

Guides. 

Uniformed guides, with or without roller chairs, will take 
visitors around the grounds. Guide without a chair, 35 cents per 
hour; with chair, 60 cents per hour. 

Intramural Road. 

Fare on the Intramural road is 10 cents for the entire trip or 
between stations. Children half price. Tickets must be bought 
before entering. 

Lost and Found Articles. 

All property found should be turned over to a Jefferson Guard. 
Lost property may be recovered on application to the Depart- 
ment of Admissions, n. wing Admission building, after proper 
identification. 

Lunch Boxes and Baskets. 

Lunch baskets and boxes may be brought into the grounds and 
lunches may be eaten anywhere except in the exhibit buildings. 
The Exposition has provided benches for the use of luncheon 
parties. 

Medical Attention. 

Prompt medical attention may be secured free by any one in 
need of it on application to a Jefferson Guard. Ambulances are 
provided to take sick people to the. Emergency Hospital, located on 
the Model Street, where a competent medical staff is in attendance 
under direction of Dr. L. H. Laidley, Medical Director of the 
Exposition. 

Packages. 

Packages may be brought into the grounds freely, but may 
not be taken out except on a permit signed by the Department of 
Works. 

— 173 — 



Post-office. 

The Exposition post-office is located in the United States 
Government building, where it is used as a model by the Post-office 
Department. Fourteen carriers make deliveries to all parts of the 
grounds. Letters may be addressed to any building, booth or 
concession. Sub-stations have been established in the large exhibit 
buildings. 

Railroad Ticket Office. 

A joint railroad ticket office is maintained by all the railroads 
and will be found in the Transportation building. Tickets can be 
purchased over any road. 

Railroad Rates. 

Reduced railroad rates, covering the entire period of the Fair, 
have been made by the various railroad passenger associations. 
These rates, as well as special excursion rates, may be obtained of 
the local railroad ticket agent before leaving home. 

Restaurants. 

Restaurants, cafes and lunch counters, to the number of 125, 
are scattered over the grounds. Nearly every concession on The 
Pike sells food, and some of the places are quite pretentious. 
Some of the eating-places on the grounds are in buildings especially 
erected for the purpose, others are in state and foreign buildings. 
The charges are regulated by the Exposition. The total seating 
capacity of the eating-houses is estimated at 30,000. 

Rooms and Board. 

A printed pamphlet is published by the Exposition company 
giving a complete list of hotels, boarding and rooming-houses, and 
private residences open for the reception of World's Fair visitors. 
This book is mailed free on application to the "Free Information 
Service Bureau, Louisiana Purchase Exposition." (For list of 
hotels, with prices, see article on "Hotels" in this book.) 

Smoking. 

Smoking will be permitted anywhere on the grounds as soon as 
the litter and rubbish of the builders and exhibitors are cleared 
away. At present it is allowed only in the restaurants and cafes. 

Stadium. 

The Stadium, located at the n. w. end of the grounds, is to be 
used for athletic events, Olympic Games, etc., and has a seating 
capacity of 27,000. 

Souvenir Coins. 

Souvenir gold dollars are on sale at Administration building; 
price $3 each. Of the total issue of $250,000, one half bore the 
bust of Jefferson, the other half that of McKinley. 

Souvenir Stamps. 

Souvenir Louisiana Purchase stamps are now on sale every- 
where in denominations of 1 cent and upward, bearing the pictures 
of the statesmen from Thomas Jefferson to William McKinley 
who were prominently identified with the transfer of the Louisiana 
Purchase Territory and its celebration. 

Staff. 

Staff is used as the covering of all the temporary exhibit build- 
ings and also for all the statuary and pieces of sculpture ornament- 

-174- 



ing the grounds and buildings. It is made of plaster of paris and 
hemp fibre and when cast hardens quickly and becomes quite 
durable. 

Telegraph and Telephone Stations. 

Telegraph and telephone stations have been established at 
convenient points all over the grounds. Postal and Western Union 
offices and both systems of telephones may be found in the Admin- 
istration building. The main telegraph stations are at the main 
door, n. front, of the Electricity building. Sub-stations are in the 
other large exhibit buildings, New York State building and Inside 
Inn. 

Toilet-Rooms. 

Toilet-rooms will be found in all the exhibit buildings. These 
are free, but a concession company controlling others charges a- 
small fee for attendance. Other toilet accommodations will be 
found at the following places: Press building: a. e. corner Varied 
Industries building; e. wing and s. w. wing Art building; grand 
stand, Athletic Field; United States Government Bird Cage; s. 
side of The Pike, n. of Transportation building. Many of the 
Intramural stations have toilet accommodations; also all the 
restaurants and cafes. 

Vehicles. 

All private carriages and automobiles must enter by the State 
Building entrance and follow a prescribed route. 

ORGANIZATION OF THE EXPOSITION. 



The organization of the Exposition is somewhat complex. The 
Exposition is incorporated by special act of the Missouri legislature 
and is also authorized by act of Congress, United States of 
America. The company is capitalized at $5,000,000, and this sum 
was subscribed largely by citizens of St. Louis. The company 
thus formed is represented bv a president, Hon. David R. Francis, 
who is the chief executive of the Exposition; and the official repre- 
sentatives of the United States Congress are the National Com- 
missioners, of which Thomas C. Carter is the President. 

HEADS OF DIVISIONS. 

There are four divisions of the Exposition, the heads of which, 
together with the President, constitute the Executive Board: 

Exhibits— Frederick J. V. Skiff, Director. 
Works — Isaac S. Taylor, Director. 
Exploitation— Walter B. Stevens, Director. 
Concessions and Admissions— Norris B. Gregg, Director. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS AND OFFICERS. 

Eight Vice-Presidents— 1st, Corwin H. Spencer; *l, Samuel M. Ken- 
nard; 3d, Daniel M. Houser; 4th, Cyrus P. Walbridge; 5tk, Seth W. Cobb; nth, 
Charles H. Huttig: 7th, August Gehner; 8th, Pierre Chouteau. 

Treasurer— Wm. H. Thompson. 

Secretary— Walter B. Stevens. 

General Counsel— Franklin Ferriss. 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 

A board of ninety-three directors of the company, of the prin- 
cipal business men of St. Louis, is as follows: 

A. A. Allen, Nicholas M. Bell, W. K. Bixby, C. F. Blanke, W. F. Boyle, 
A. D. Brown, George Warren Brown, Paul Brown, Adolphus Busch, James G. 

— 176 — 



Butler, James Campbell. Murray Carleton, Pierre Chouteau, Seth \V. Cobb, 
James P. Coyle, George T. Cra-m. Hanfurd Crawford, Jonu L>. Davis, Alex. N'. 
Ue Menil, S. M. Dodd, L. D Dozier, Harrison I. Drummond, R. B. Uula, 
George L Edwards, Howard Eili -tt, S. M. Felton, Franklin Fei riss, David R 
Francis, Nathan Frank, A. H. Frederick, August Gehner, W. M. Greene. 
Norris B. Gregg, W. T. Haarstick, A. B. H.irt, Walker Hill, F. D. Hirschberg, 
John A. Holmes, D. M. Houser, C. II. Huttig, Breckinridge Jones, S. M. Ken- 
hard, Goodman King, W. J. Kinsella, Charles \V. Knapp, Dr. J. J. Lawrence, 
W. H. Lee, F. W. Lehmann, Wm. J. Lemp, Jr., I. W. Mclmnald, Benjamin 
McKeen, Thos. H. McKittrick, George D. Markham. V. E. .Marshall, C. F. G. 
Meyer, Elias Michael, F. G. Niedringhaus, W. F. Nolker, I) C. Nugent, George 
W.' Parker, H. Clay Pierce, Joseph Ramsey, Jr., David Ranken, Jr., Clark H. 
Sampson,* Julius J. Schotten, John Schroers, John Scullin, A. L. Shapleigh, 
J. E. Smith, C. H. Spencer, H. B. Spencer, W. C. Steigers, H. \V. Stembiss, 
Walter B. Stevens, Charles A. Stix, R. H. Stockton, George J. Tansey, Win. H. 
Thompson, Charles H. Turner, J. C. Van Blarcom, Festus J. Wade, C. P. Wal- 
bridge, Julius S. Walsh, C. G. Warner, Rolla Wells, W. B. Wells, Chas. F. 
Wenneker, J. J. Wertheimer, Edwards Whitaker, A. A. B. Woerheide, Wm H. 
Woodward, Geo. M. Wright, B. F. Yoakum. 

COMMITTEES. 

These directors are assigned to various committees having in 
charge the several functions of the Exposition, as follows: 

Organization— D. R. Francis, ex-Officio Chairman; C. H. Spencer, Vice- 
Chairman; S. M. Kennard, D. M. Houser, C. P. Walbridge, S. W. Cobb, C. H. 
Huttig, August Gehner, Pierre Chouteau and W. H. Thompson. 

Executive— D. R. Francis, ex-Officio Chairman; W. H. Thompson, 
Vice-Chairman; C. W. Knapp, W. F. Boyle, C. G. Warner, John Scullin, Rolla 
Wells, Nathan Frank, C. H. Spencer, Murray Carleton, L. D. Dozier, James 
Campbell, A. L. Shapleigh and Breckinridge Jones. 

Finance— W. H. Lee, Chairman; Walker Hill, Vice-Chairman; C. H. 
Huttig, F. E. Marshall and W. H. Thompson, ex-Officio. 

WaysandMeans-F. J. Wade, Chairman; T. H. McKittrick, Vice- 
Chairman; R. B. Dula, D. C. Nugent, C. M. Wright, Elias Michael, W. J. 
Kinsella, C. F. Wenneker and Benjamin McKeen. 

Concessions— G. L. Edwards, Chairman; J. J. Wertheimer, Vice-Chair- 
man; W. B. Wells, A. L. Shapleigh and H. I. Drummond. 

Transportation— Julius S. Walsh, Chairman; Joseph Ramsev, Jr., Vice- 
Chairman; S. M. Felton, H. B. Spencer, Murray Carleton, G. W. Parker and 
A. A. Allen. 

Press and Publicity— R. H. Stockton, Chairman; W. B. Stevens, Vice- 
Chairman; W. C. Steigers, D. M. Houser, C. W. Knapp, Nathan Frank and 
John Schroers. 

Foreign Relations— Adolphus Busch, Chairman; W. F. Boyle, Vice- 
Chairman; W. T. Haarstick, J. D. Davis, J. C. Van Blarcom and D. C Nugent. 

Supplies— J. F. Coyle, Chairman; J. J. Schotten, Vice-Chairman; C. A. 
Stix, J. E. Smith, J. W. McDonald, Hanford Crawford and Paul Brown. 

Sanitation— C. P. Walbridge, Chairman; A. N De Menil, Vice-Chairman; 
A. D. Brown, Dr. J. J. Lawrence and C. F. G. Meyer. 

Police— H. I. Drummond, Chairman; C. H. Turner, Vice-Chairman; J. J. 
Wertheimer, W. C. Steigers and J. G. Butler. 

Insurance— Geo. T. Cram, Chairman; A. D. Brown, Vice-Chairman, and 
Hanford Crawford. 

Ceremonies— C. H. Spencer, Chairman; W. H. Lee, Yice-Chair,man; 
J. G. Butler, L. D. Dozier, J. C. Van Blarcom, C. P. Walbridge, Franklin 
Ferriss and G. J. Tansey. 

Grounds and Buildings— W. H. Thompson, Chairman; S. M. Kennard, 
Vice-Chairman; W. F. Nolker, H. W. Steinbiss, J. A. Holmes and John Scullin 

Legislation— D. M. Houser, Chairman; W. C. Steigers, Vice-Chairman; 
N. M. Bell, F. G. Niedringhaus, Geo. W. Parker, James Campbell and S. W. 
Cobb. 

Agriculture— Paul Brown, Chairman; Festus J. Wade, Vice-Chairman; 
N.M.Bell, W.J. Lemp, Jr., Julius S. Walsh, David Ranken, Jr., and C. F. 
Blanke. 

Fine Arts— W. K. Bixbv, Chairman; S. M. Dodd, Vice-Chairman: J. E. 
Smith, Adolphus Busch, T. H. McKittrick, H. B. Spencer and Howard Elliott. 

Mines and Metallurgy— W. J. Kinsella, Chairman; John D. Davis, 
Vice-Chairman; David Ranken, Jr., A. H. Frederick and C. F. G. Meyer. 

State and Territorial Exhibits-C. H. Huttig, Chairman; A. H. 
Frederick, Vice-Chairman; J. J. Schotten, F. E. Marshall, J. W. McDonald, 
Clark H. Sampson and Ben. McKeen. 

Manufactures and Liberal Arts— G. W. Parker, Chairman: Goodman 
King, Vice-Chairman; W. H. Woodward, Jas. F. Coyle, G. W. Brown, Elias 
Michael and C. F. G. Meyer. 

Electricity and Klectrical Applianees— J. E. Smith, Chairman; 
Joseph Ramsey, Jr., Vice-Chairman; C. H. Sampson, C. A. Stix, August 
Gehner, A. A. Allen and S. M. Dodd. 



'Deceased, vacancy not yet filled. 

-178- 



Fish and Fisheries— S. W.Cobb, Chairman; A. B. Hart, Vice-Chair- 
man; H. Clay Pierce, G. M. Wright, J. C. Van Blarcom, H. I. Druinmond, C. G. 
Warner and W. M. Green. 

Anthropology ami Ethnology— F. W. Lehmann, Chairman; Goodman 
King, Vice-Chairman; Walker Hill, Edwards Whitaker, H. B. Spencer, A. A. B. 
Woerheide and C. F. Blanke. 

Education and Educational Congresses— John Schroers, Chairman; 
R. B. Dula, Vice-Chairman; A. A. B. Woerheide, W. H. Woodward, G. J. 
Tansey, A. L. Shapleigh and G. W. Parker. 

History— Pierre Chouteau, Chairman; A. N De Menil, Vice-Chairman; 
A. B. Hart, W. H. Woodward, W.J. Lemp, Jr., W. T. Haarstick and G. T. 
Cram. 

Souvenir Gold Dollars— J. C. Van Blarcom, Chairman; W. H.Lee, 
Walker Hill, C. H. Huttig and F. J. Wade. 

International Congresses— F. W. Lehmann, Chairman; C. W. Knapp, 
John Schroers, Breckinridge Jones and A. L. Shapleigh. 

Keeeption and Entertainment— F. D. Hirschberg, Chairman; Rolla 
Wells, Vice-Chairman; J. D. Davis, D. C. Nugent, W. F. Boyle, T. H. McKittriok 
and John Schroers. 

Members of Board of Arbitration— W. F. Boyle and C. W. Knapp. 

EXECUTIVE DIVISIONS. 

Exhibits— Director, Frederick J. V. Skiff; Assistant to the Director, 
Edmund S. Hoch. 

Chiefs— Education: Howard J. Rogers. Art: Halsey C. Ives; Charles M. 
Kurtz, Assistant Chief. Liberal Arts: John A. Ockerson. Manufactures: 
Milan H. Hulbert. Machinery : Thomas M. Moore. Electricity : W. E. Golds- 
borough. Transportation: Willard A. Smith; A. C. Baker, Assistant Chief. 
Agriculture: Frederic W. Taylor. Horticulture : Frederic W. Taylor. For- 
estry: Tarleton H. Bean. Mines and Metallurgy : J. A. Holmes. Fish and 
Game: Tarleton H. Bean. Anthropology : Wj. McGee. Social Economy: 
Howard J. Rogers. Physical Culture: James E. Sullivan. Live Stock: F. D. 
Coburn.* Director of Congresses : Howard J. Rogers. Chief of Bureau of 
Music: George D. Markham. 

Exploitation— Director, Walter B. Stevens. Foreign: Chairman, 
Adolphus Busch; Secretary, Russell C. Stanhope. Commissioners— Asia: John 
Barrett. Europe: Thomas W. Cridler. Italy: Vittorio Zeggio. Argentine 
Republic, Chili, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia: Jose de Olivares. Brazil and 
Portugal: John Taylor Lewis. Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela: 
Ernest H. Wands. Cuba: Charles M. Pepper. Central American Countries: 
John Rice Chandler. India: Palmer L. Bowen. South Africa, Australia and 
New Zealand: C.A.Green. Sweden and Norway : Charles W. Kohlsaat. Trin- 
idad and Windward Islands : G. W. Fishbaok. Resident Represent/it ive in Lon- 
don: George F. Parker. Resident Representative in Berlin: Joseph Brucker. 
Foreign Press Commissioner: Walter Williams. Domestic: Chairman, Legisla- 
tion, D. M. Houser; Chairman, States and Territories, C. H. Huttig; Chief, 
Charles M. Reeves. Press and Publicity : General Press, Mark Bennitt; Local 
Press, W. A. Kelsoe; Publicity, R. H. Sexton; Secretary, Edward Hooker. 
Committee on Ceremonies: Secretary, E. C. Culp. Committee on Reception and 
Entertainment: Secretary, Ricardo Diaz-Albertini. 

Works — Director, Isaac S. Taylor. Chiefs: Design, E. L. Masqueray; 
Sculpture, Karl T. F. Bitter; Mural Decoration, Louis J. Millet; Landscape 
Architect, George E. Kessler; Building Engineer, Philip J. Markmann; Elec- 
trical and Mechanical Engineer, E. B. Ellicott; Civil Engineer, R. H. Phillips; 
Draughtsman, W. H. H. Weatherwax. Advisory Committee of Sculptors: 
J. Q. A. Ward, Augustus St. Gaudens, Daniel C. French. 

Concessions and Admissions— Director, Norris B. Gregg. Chiefs: 
Concessions, Jno. A. Wakefield; Admissions, E. Norton White. 

Transportation— Director, John Scullin; Manager, C. L. Hilleary; 
Superintendent of Terminals, W. S. Carson; Superintendent of Intramural 
Railway, Thos. W. Murphy. 

Miscellaneous— Auditor, Fred Gabel; Traffic Manager, C. L. Hilleary; 
Medical Director, Leonidas H. Laidley, M. D.; Commandant Jefferson Guard, 
Lieut. -Col. Henry P. Kingsbury, 8th United States Cavalry. 

UNITED STATES COMMISSIONERS. 

National Commission (appointed by the President of the United States 
to represent United States Government) — Hon. Thomas H. Carter, Montana, 
Chairman; Hon. Martin H. Glynn, New York, Vice-Chairman; Hon. J. M. 
Thurston, Nebraska; Hon. Wm. Lindsay, Kentucky; Hon. George W. 
McBride, Oregon; Hon. John F. Miller, Indiana; Hon. F. A. Betts, Con- 
necticut; Hon. P. D. Scott, Arkansas; Hon. J. M. Allen, Mississippi; Joseph 
Flory, Missouri, Secretary. 

BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. 

(Appointed by the United States Commissioners.) 
President— Mrs. Daniel Manning, Washington, D. C. Vice-Presi- 
dents— 1st, Mrs. Edward L. Buch waiter, Springfield, Ohio; 2d, Mrs. Finis P. 



♦Resigned, vacancy not yet filled. 

-179 — 



Ernest, Denver, Col.; 5d, Mrs. Helen Boice-Hunsiker, Philadelphia, Pa.; 
4th, Miss Anna L. Dawes, Pittsfield, Mass.; 5th. Mrs. Belle L. Everest, Atchison, 
Kan.; 6th, Mrs. M. H. de Young, San Francisco, Cal.; 7th, Mrs. Fannie L. 
Porter, Atlanta, Ga.; Miss Lavina H. Egan, Secretary; Mrs. William H. Cole- 
man, Treasurer; Miss Helen M. Gould, New York city; Mrs. John M. Hol- 
combe, Hartford, Conn.; Mrs. Frederick M. Hanger, Little Rock, Ark., 
Mrs. W. E. Andrews, Washington, D. C; Mrs. Richard W. Knott. Louisville, 
Ky.; Mrs. Margaret P. Daly, Anaconda, Mont.; Mrs. Louis D. Frost, Winona. 
Mont.; Mrs. Mary Phelps Montgomery, Portland, Ore.; Mrs. John Miller 
Horton, Buffalo, N. Y.; Mrs. A. L. von Mayhoff, New York city; Mrs. James 
Edmund Sullivan, Providence, R. I.; Mrs. Annie McLean Moores, Mt. Pleasant, 
Tex. 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BOARD, 

Government Board in Charge of United States Government 
Exhibit— Department of Agriculture, J. H. Brigham, Chairman; Department 
of Justice, Col. Cecil Clay; Treasury Department, Wallace H. Hills; Labor 
Department, G. W. W. Hanger; Post-office Department, J. B. Brownlow; Fish 
Commissioner, Prof. W. de C. Ravenel; Interim- Department, Edward M. Daw- 
son; Bureau of American Republics, Williams C. Fox; State Depart mint. 
William H. Michael; Navy Department, B. F. Peters; War Department, J. C. 
Scofield; Smithsonian Institution, Dr. F. W. True; W. V. Cox, Secretary; 
William M. Geddes, Disbursing Officer. 

FOREIGN COMMISSIONERS. 

Argentine — Jose de Olivares, Commissioner, 512 N. Spring. Av. 

Austria— Chevalier Albert von Stibral, Commissioner-General, 3516 
Morgan St. Tel.: Lindell 394A (Bell). Representing the Commercial Commis- 
sion: C. M. Rosenthal, Executive Commissioner; Max Politzer, Secretary; 5671 
Clemens Av. Tel.: 1849 Forest (Bell). 

Belgium— Jules Carlier, Commissioner-General, Washington Hotel. 
Tel.: Forest 11130 (Bell). 

Brazil— Col. Francisco M. de Souza Aguiar, Commissioner-General; Maj. 
J. da Cunha Pires, Secretary; 427 Lake Av. Tel.: Forest 07(5 (Bell). 

Canada— William Hutchinson, Commissioner-General; W. A. Burns, 
Secretary; Planters Hotel. Tel.: Main 437 (Bell). 

Ceylon — Hon. Stanley Bois, Commissioner-General, 5148 Washington Av. 
Tel.: Forest 1475 (Bell). 

China— Prince Pu Lun, Imperial Commissioner-General, Washington 
Hotel. Tel.: Forest 11(30 (Bell). 

Chili— Abelardo Pizaro, President. 

Colombia — Dr. Santiago Cortez, Chairman. 

Costa Itiea— Manuel Gonzales, Commissioner-General, 4024 Bell Av. 

Cuba— Esteban Duque Estrada, Commissioner-General; Antonio Carrillo, 
Secretary; 5745 Bartmer Av. 

Denmark and Danish West Indies Islands— William Arup, Royal 
Commissioner-General, Sutter and Joseph Avs., Hillside, Mo. 

Egypt— Herman Lawfara, Commissioner-General, Westmoreland Hotel. 
Tel.: Lindell 2845 (Bell). 

France— Michel Lagrave, Commissioner-General; Felix Launy, Sec- 
retary; 3029 Lindell Boul. Tel.: 1674 (Bell). 

Germany— Theodor Lewald, Imperial Commissioner-General; Otto 
Zippel, Chief Secretary; 4930 Lindell Boul. Tel.: Forest 1417 (Bell). 

threat Britain— Col. Charles M. Watson, R. E., C. B., C. M. G., Commis- 
sioner-General, 1374 Belt Av. 

Greece— Dimitri Zacchiri, Commissioner-General, 411 Missouri Trust 
Bldg. 

Guadalonpe— St. Croix de la Rouciere, Secretary. 

Guatemala— Carlos F. Irigoyon, Commissioner, 3711 Olive St. 

Hayti — Edmond Roumain, Commissioner-General, Planters Hotel. 

Honduras— Salvador Cordova, Commissioner. British Honduras— Dr. C. 
Malhado, Chairman. 

Hungary— George de Szogyenv, Commissioner-General, Westmoreland 
Hotel. Tel.: Lindell 2545 (Bell). 

India— Wm. R. Blechynden, Special Commissioner of the Indian Tea 
Association, Southern Hotel. Tel.: Main 3237 (Bell). 

Italy — Giovanni Branchi, Commissioner-General, 3201 Locust St. 

Japan— Baron Matsudaira, Vice-President, Hamilton Hotel. Tel.: Forest 
1205 (Bell). 

Mexico— Albino R. Nuncio, Commissioner-General; Maximiliano M. 
Chabert, Secretary; Mexican Pavilion. Tel.: World's Fair Grounds, Station 
43 (Kinloch). 

Morocco— James W. Langerman, Commissioner-General, Usona Hotel. 
Tel.: Forest 510 (Bell). 

Netherlands-Gerritt H. Ten Broek, Commissioner, 1103 Jackson PI. 
Tel.: Main 2329 (Bell). 

New Zealand— T. H. Donne, Chairman (preliminary). 

Nicaragua— Dr. Ramirez Mairena, Chairman. 

Norway— J. E. Waage, Commissioner 

JPeru— Alejandro Garland, Commissioner-General. 

— 180- 



Persia— Mufakham-ad-Dinlah (Persian Minister at Washington), Special 
Commissioner. 

Portugal— Cincinnato da Costa, Commissioner-General; C. H. M. Kibeiro 
Ferreira, Secretary; Washington Hotel. Tel.: Forest 1160 (Bell). 

Paraguay — Nicolas Angulo, Chairman. 

San Salvador— L. Megia, Commissioner, Planters Hotel. Tel.: Main 437 
(Bell). 

Siam — James N. Gore, Commissioner-General. 4484 Laclede Av. 

Spain— Belluire, Sculptor, Fine Arts Department. 

Sweden— J. A. Ockerson, Resident Commissioner, 4-J17 Washington Boul. 
Tel.: Lindell 1393 (Bell). 

Turkey— Chekib Bey (Minister to Washington), Commissioner. 

Venezuela— Dr. Jesus Laweda, Commissioner, 3868 Delmar Boul. 

COMMISSIONERS OF STATES, TERRITORIES AND 
INSULAR POSSESSIONS. 

Alabama (Birmingham District)— Fred M. Jackson, President; J. B. Gib- 
son, Secretary. 

Alaska— Hon. Thomas Ryan, First Assistant Secretary of the Interior, 
Chairman; Gov. John G. Brady, Executive Commissioner. 

Arizona— A. J. Doran, Chairman; H. B. St. Claire, Secretary. 

Arkansas— George R. Belding, President; J. C. Rembert, Secretary. 

California— Frank Wiggins, Chairman; E. B. Willis, Secretary. 

Colorado— Gov. James H. Peabody, President; I. N. Stevens, Secretary. 

Connecticut — Frank L. Wilcox, President; J. H. Vaill, Secretary arid 
Treasurer. 

Georgia— Col. Dudley Hughes, Commissioner-General; O. B. Stevens, 
Secretary and Treasurer. 

Hawaii— F. VV. Macfarlane, Commissioner in Charge; J. G. Spencer, 
Secretary. 

Idaho— Gov. J. T. Morrison; James E. Steele, President; Mrs. H. W. 
Mansfield, Secretary. 

Illinois— H. M. Dunlap, President; John J. Brown, Secretary. 

Indiana— Newton W. Gilbert, Chairman; James W. Cockrum, Secretary. 

Indian Territory— Hon. Thomas Ryan, Chairman, Washington, D. C; 
F. C. Hubbard, Executive Commissioner. 

Iowa— Commissioner at Large: William Larrabee, President; F. R. Con- 
away, Secretary. 

Kansas— John C. Carpenter, President; C. H. Luling, Secretary. 

Kentucky— Gov. J. C. W. Beckham; A. Y. Ford, Chairman; R. E. Hughes, 
Secretary. 

liOuisiana— Gov. William Wright Heard, President; J. G. Lee, Secretary; 
Dr. W. C. Stubbs, State Commissioner. 

HI aine— Louis B. Goodall, Chairman; Edward C. Swett, Secretary. 

Maryland— Gen. L. Victor Baughman, Chairman; Samuel K. Dennis, 
Secretarv. 

Massachusetts— Dr. George Harris, President; James M. Perkins, Sec- 
retary. 

Michigan— Gov. Aaron T. Bliss (ex-officio): Frederick B. Smith, Presi- 
dent; Hal. H. Smith, Secretary. 

Minnesota— Conde Hamlin, President; Theodore L. Havs, Secretarv. 

Mississippi— Gov. A. H. Longino (ex-officio); Dr. O. B. Quinn, Chair- 
man; Frank Burkitt, Secretary. 

Missouri — M. T. Davis, President; B. H. Bonfov, Secretary. 

Montana— Lee Mantle, President; Paul McCormick, Secretary. 

Nebraska-G. W. Waters, President; H. G. Shedd, Secretarv. 

Nevada- Gov. Tohn Sparks, President; C. H. E. Hardin, Secretarv. 

Sfew Hampshire— Gen. Chas. S. Collins, President; Arthur C. Jackson, 
Vice-President and Executive Commissioner. 

Sew Jersey — Foster M. Voorhees, Chief Commissioner; Lewis T. Bry- 
ant, Secretary. 

New Mexico— Charles A. Spiess, President; W. B. Walton, Secretary. 

New York — Edward H. Harriman, President; Louis .Stern, Chairman of 
Executive Committee; Chas. A. Ball, Secretary and Chief Executive Officer. 

North Carolina— H. H. Brimlev, Commissioner-General. 

North Dakota-Gov. Frank White. President; Lieut.-Gov. David Bart- 
lett, Executive Commissioner; R. T. Turner, Secretarv. 

Ohio— William F. Burdell, President; Stacey B. Rankin, Executive Com- 
missioner. 

Oklahoma— Joseph Meibergen, Chairman; Edgar B. Marchant, Secretary. 

Oregon— Jefferson Myers, President: Edmond C. Giltner, Secretary. 

Pennsylvania— Gov. Samuel W. Pennypacker, President; James H. 
Lambert, Executive Officer; Bromlev Wharton, Secretary. 

Philippine Islands— Dr. W. P. Wilson, Chairman; Leon Guerro, Sec- 
retary. 

Porto Rico— Taime Annexv, President. 

Rhode Island— Robert B. Treat. President; George E. Ball. Secretary. 

South Carolina— R. Goodwin Rhett, Chairman Executive Committee. 

South Dakota— S. W. Russell, President; George R. Farmer, Secretary. 

— 182 — 



Tennessee— Gov. James B. Frazier, Chairman; B. A. Enloe, Secretary 
and Director of Exhibits. 

Texas— John H. Kirby, President; Louis J. Wortham, Secretary and 
Manager. 

Vfah— Gov. Heber M. Wells, Chairman; John Q. Cannon, Secretary. 

Vermont— Gov. John G. McCullough, ex-Orficio Chairman; \V. Seward 
Webb, President; Miss Mary Evarts, Secretary. 

Virginia— G. W. Koiner, President; G. E. Mnrrell, Secretary. 

Washington— A. L. Black, President; Elmer E. Johnston, Executive 
Commissioner; G. W. R. Peaslee, Secretary. 

West Virginia— N. E. Whitaker, Chairman; A. H. Winchester, Sec- 
retary. 

Wisconsin— W. D. Hoard, President; Grant Thomas, Secretary. 

Wyoming— Bryant B. Brooks, President; Clarence B. Richardson, Com- 
missioner-in-Chief; William C. Deming, Secretary. 



ST. LOUIS. 



There is much to see in St. Louis that will not be found 
classified in catalogues. Among the most interesting things may be 
mentioned: 

Statues. 

In City Hall Park is a splendid bronze statue of General U. S. 
Grant that is worth a long journey to see. A statue of General 
Francis P. Blair, heroic in size, is at the main entrance to Forest 
Park, at the intersection of Kingshighway and Lindell bl. In Lyon 
Park is a fine statue of General Nathaniel Lyon. Besides these 
memorials to military heroes, there are others that are famous 
in the world of art. Three of these are in Lafayette Park — Lafay- 
ette, Washington and Benton. This Washington statue is world- 
famous. In Tower Grove Park are historic and heroic statues of 
Shakespeare, Columbus and Humboldt. The latter was presented 
by the widow of the man whose fame it perpetuates. 

There are several splendid statues in the Museum of Fine Arts 
at 19th and Locust sts. and many famous pictures and other art 
works that are well worth a day's visit. 

Water Towers. 

Two tall water towers afford opportunity for a bird's-eye view 
of St. Louis. One of these is at the intersection of Grand av. and 
20th st., easily reached bv cars from the center of the city. From 
the top of this tower a splendid scene presents itself on a clear day. 
The other tower is in Reservoir Park on Compton Hill, at Grand 
and Lafayette aves. 

Another elevated point from which a view of St. Louis is to be 
obtained is the top of the dome of the old court house. Visitors 
are permitted, on application, to climb to the dome and there are 
always sightseers there. 

Water Works. 

The ride to Chain of Rocks, where the great water works of St. 
Louis are located, is an interesting one. A Broadway car may 
be taken at any place on the line and for a 5 cent fare the 
passenger is whirled northward through a part of the manufactur- 
ing district of the citv, past the edge of O'Fallen Park, by the e. 
gates of Calvary and Belief ontaine Cemeteries, to Baden. Here the 
Baden car is taken direct for the water works, another fare being 
charged. The gigantic pumping engines, the vast settling basins 
and the intake tower, are all objects of interest. One of the 
handsomest parks in the citv surrounds the pumping station. 

— 184 — 



Jefferson Barracks. 

In the other direction— directly s. of the city— is the famous 
military station, Jefferson Barracks. Riding s. on the Broad wax- 
car, the passenger changes at the southern city limits to the Bar- 
racks car, running right into the Barracks. The National Ceme- 
tery is located on the Government reserve and there is much of 
interest. No passes are required, visitors being at liberty to roam at 
will through the grounds among the handsome homes of the officers, 
the parade grounds, the soldiers' quarters and tbe surrounding 
territory. This historic spot is on a very high cliff overlooking 
the Mississippi River, 10 miles from the center of town. Besides 
the trolley cars, the Iron Mountain Railroad and the boats on the 
river convey people to the Barracks. Jefferson Barracks is asso- 
ciated with some stirring chapters in the history of the countrv and 
many famous soldiers have been located here. General Robert E. 
Lee, of Confederate fame, was at one time on duty here, as were 
General Jubal A. Early, General Winfield Scott Hancock, Ulysses 
S. Grant, General Albert Sydney Johnston, General Jacob Smith, 
and others of fighting fame. 

Zoological Garden. 

A visit to the Zoological Garden in Forest Park will prove 
pleasing and instructive. The deer paddock and the bear pits 
are features and there are many other rare beasts and birds. The 
Government fish hatcheries, also in Forest Park, are interesting. 

Creve Coeur Lake. 

Creve Coeur Lake lies w. of St. Louis and is reached by an 
hour's ride by electric car. This is a pretty body of water with a 
romantic history. On its margin is an extensive pleasure-resort, 
with many attractive features. Trains also run to the lake. 

Meramec Highlands. 

Meramec Highlands, on the banks of Meramec River, is another 
attractive place w. of the city reached by trolley cars on the Transit 
line, through St. Louis County. 

Suburban Towns. 

Suburban towns in Missouri near St. Louis are all reached by 
electric cars. Florissant, on the Suburban road, is about an hour's 
ride from the city. This is an ancient French settlement and 
still retains many of the unique features of the old French regime. 

Clayton, the county seat of St. Louis County, is reached by 
the Brentwood, Clayton & St. Louis line, connecting at Hadiament 
with Suburban and Transit cars for the city. 

Maplewood, Kirkwood, Webster Groves and other suburban 
towns are reached by trolley car and the entire county is almost 
gridironed with roads connecting these little towns with each other. 

East Side Places. 

Crossing the Eads bridge by trolley car, connection is made 
in East St. Louis with cars running to Belleville, Edwardsville, 
Madison, Granite City and Alton. Something of interest can be 
found at all these places. Granite City and Leclaire both 
command attention. At the former are located immense stamping 
works for the manufacture of graniteware. The latter is the co- 
operative settlement of the N. O. Nelson Manufacturing Company. 
The Union Stock Yards are even more interesting from a commer- 
cial point of view. 
Cahokia. 

Off the beaten track of travel, and all the more interesting on 
that account, is Cahokia, the oldest French village in the Missis- 

— 186 — 



sippi Valley. To reach this quaint old town, the sightseer crosses 
the Mississippi by ferry and drives by a fairly good road. The 
distance is about 12 miles. Many of the houses in Cahokia are 
built of walnut slabs and have stood for 100 years or more. There 
is a church 1(52 years old and many other reminders of early days. 
Monk's Mound is a great hill that has kept scientists and 
investigators guessing for many years. It is probably the largest 
specimen of the Mound Builders' work ever discovered, and was 
once the site of a Trappist monastery of irregular formation. The 
mound is 1,080 by 6,750 feet. A great deal of excavating has been 
done by scientists and a vast quantity of Indian relics of all kinds 
has rewarded this research. 

River Excursions. 

During the summer season daily excursions are run on the 
river to Montesano on the s. and Alton on the n. The night rides 
on the river are especially enjoyable. 

LEGAL CAB RATES. 



Passengers should always note, as a matter of protection, the 
number of the vehicle and the number of the driver's badge. 

ONE-HORSE CAB. 

First mile, each person 25c 

Second mile, one or two persons 25c 

Each additional one-quarter mile, one or two persons 15c 

One stop, not over 5 minutes No charge 

Other stops. 10 minutes or less, each 10c 

Packages too large for inside, each side 10c 

Per hour, within 3 miles of Court House, one or two persons 75c 

Each additional quarter hour 20c 

Outside the 3-mile limit, first hour SI 00 

Each additional one-quarter hour 25c 

Services while waiting, per hour 75c 

TWO-HORSE VEHICLE. 

One mile, each person 50c 

Each additional mile, one or two persons „50c 

For one hour, one or two persons |1 B0 

Each additional hour 1.00 

Between midnight and 6 a. m. , the above rates are doubled. 

WHERE TO FIND WHAT YOU WANT. 



All trains arrive at and depart from Union Station, Market 
St., between Eighteenth and Twentieth Sts. Trolley cars run 
direct between station and all hotels. Fare 5 cents. Omnibuses 
are allowed to charge only 50 cents for each passenger with 
ordinary baggage from station to hotels east of Grand Av. 

TICKET OFFICES. 

Burlington Route S W. Cor. Broadway and Olive 

Baltimore & Ohio S. W 522 Olive 

Big Four Route.... S. W. Cor. Broadway and Chestnut 

Chicago & Alton S. E. Cor. Sixth and Olive 

Chicago. Peoria & St. Louis 206 N. Fourth 

Clover Leaf Route 104 N. Fourth 

Cotton Belt Route 909 Olive 

Frisco S 1. Cor. Eighth and Olive 

Iron Mountain S. E. Cor. Sixth and Olive 

Illinois Central 308 N. Rroadway 

Louisville & Nashville 206 N. Broadway 

Louisville. Henderson & St. Louis 206 N. Broadway 

Missouri Pacific S. E. Cor. Sixth and Olive 

— 188 — 



Missouri, Kansas & Texas 502 Olive 

Mobile & Ohio 518 Olive 

Southern K. R 7190live 

St. Louis & Hannibal N E. Cor. Eighth and Olive 

Toledo. St. Louis & Western R. R. Co 104 N. Fourth 

Vandalia S E. Cor. Seventh and Olive 

Wabash N. E. Cor. Eighth and Olive 

Denver & Rio Grande 102 N. Fourth 

Tickets over all roads are also on sale at Union Station and at 
the model ticket office in the Transportation building. 

FOREIGN RAILROAD OFFICES. 

Blackwell, Enid & Southwestern R. R Carleton Bldg. 

Canadian Pacific 315 Chestnut 

Central of Georgia Ry Houser Bldg. 

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry Houser Bldg. 

Chicago & Northwestern Ry 505 Olive St. 

Colorado & Southern Ry Century Bldg. 

Denver & Rio Grande R. R 102 N. Fourth St. 

Grand Trunk System Laclede Bldg. 

Great Northern Ry Carleton Bldg. 

Kansas City, Southern Ry Houser Bldg. 

Mexican Central Ry Houser Bldg. 

Mexican National R. R Houser Bldg. 

Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Ry Merchants' Exchange 

Northern Pacific Ry Commercial Bldg. 

Plant System Houser Bldg. 

Seaboard Air Line Ry Merchants' Exchange 

Tennessee Central Ry Chemical Bldg. 

Union Pacific R. R 903 Olive St. 

Pennsylvania Line S. E. Cor. Seventh and Olive Sts. 

Santa Fe Route 107 N. Fourth St. 

Southern Pacific Century Bldg. 

EXPRESS OFFICES. 

Adams 407 N. Fourth St. 

American • 417 N. Fourth St. 

National 708 Washington A v. 

Pacific 412 N. Fourth St. 

United States 421 N. Fourth St. 

Wells, Fargo & Co 709 Olive St. 

Southern 407 N Fourth St. 

A model express office is located on the Exposition grounds. 

STEAMSHIP AGENCIES. 

American Line 

Atlantic Transport Line 

Dominion Line 

Hoi I and- American Line 

Leland Line 

Red Star Line 

White Star Line 

Royal Dutch West Indies Line. 

Hamburg-American. Fourth National Bank, Fourth and Olive Sts. 

Cunard, Wabash Railroad Office, Eighth and Olive Sts. 

FOREIGN CONSULS. 

Argentine Republic— Gus. V. Brecht, 1201 Cass Av. 
Austria-Hungary— Ferdinand Diehm, S. E. Cor. Olive and Fourth Sts. 
Belgium— Louis Seguenot, 119 N. Seventh. 
Brazil— Alphonso de Figueiredo. 400 S. Broadway. 
Columbia, S. A.— James Arbuckle. HON. Fourth St. 
Costa Rica— Eben Richards. 420 Olive. 
Denmark— C. E. Ramlose, Broadway and Hickory. 
France — Louis Seguenot, 119 N. Seventh St. 
German Empire— Dr. Friedrich C. Rieloff, 219 N. Fourth St. 
Great Britain— Western Bascome, 319 N. Ninth St. 
Greece— Demetrius Jannopoulo. 100 N. Second St. 

Guatemala, Nicaragua and Honduras— L. D. Kingsland, 1521 N. Eleventh St. 
Holland-B. B. Haagsma. 211 N. Seventh St. 
Italy— Domencio Ginnochio. 713 N. Third St. 
Liberia— Hutchins Inge. 1107 Clark Av. 
Mexico-Rafael P. Serano, 421 Olive St. 
Netherlands-B. B. Haagsma. 211 N. Seventh St. 
Spain— Jose M. Trigo, 212 Pine St. 
Sweden and Norway- 
Switzerland— Jacob Buff. 219 N. Fourth St. 
Venezuela— H. Meinhard, 219 N. Fourth St. 

— 190 — 



Century Bldg.. Ninth and Olive Sts. 



THEATRES. 

Century Ninth and Olive 

Columbia Sixth and St. Charles 

Crawford Fourteenth and Locust 

Grand Music Hall Olive and Thirteenth 

Grand Opera House Sixth and Market 

Havlin's Sixth and Walnut 

Imperial Tenth and Pine 

Odeon Grand and Finney 

Olympic Broadway and Walnut 

Pickwick Washington and Jefferson A v. 

Standard Seventh and Walnut 

Zoo 3300 Olive 

GARDEN THEATRES. 

Delmar Garden Delmar, N. W. City Limits 

Eclipse Park Virginia and Premm 

Forest Park Highlands Berthold and Sublette 

Hashagens Grand and Meramec 

Koerner s Arsenal and Kings high way 

Lemp's Park Thirteenth and Utah 

Mann ion Park 8000 S. Broadway 

Suburban Garden Irving Av. and N. Market 

Uhrig's Cave Jefferson and Washington 

West End Heights Op. S. W. Cor. W. F. Grounds 

NEWSPAPER OFFICES. 

Amerika Third and Chestnut 

Abend Post Broadway and Market 

Chronicle Sixth near Walnut 

Globe-Democrat Sixth and Pine 

Post-Dispatch Broadway near Olive 

Republic Seventh and Olive 

Star Twelfth and Olive 

Westliche Post Broadway and Market 

World Chestnut and Ninth 

PARKS AND GARDENS. 

Arsenal Second and Arsenal Sts. 

Benton Jefferson A v. and Arsenal St. 

Carr Carr, W 7 ash, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Sts. 

Carondelet Ninth and Kansas Sts. 

Com p ton Hill Reservoir Grand and Lafayette A vs. 

Dakota Dakota St. and Michigan Av. 

Fair Grounds Grand A v. and Nat. Bridge Rd. ' 

Forest Kingshighway and Lindell Bl. 

Forest Park Bl Forest Park BL, bet. Kingshighway and Boyle 

Fountain Bayard and Fountain 

Gamble Garrison and Dayton Sts. 

Gravois Louisiana Av , bet. Potomac and Miami Sts. 

Hyde Salisbury and Blair A v. 

Jackson PI Eleventh and N. Market Sts. 

Ken rick Garden Lindell Bl. and Vandeventer 

Lafayette Mississippi and Lafayette A vs. 

Laclede Iowa Av., near Osage 

Lyon Broadway and Arsenal 

O' Fa 11 on Broadway and Bircher 

New Park Indiana Av. and Utah St. 

South St. Louis Square Broadway and Pennsylvania 

St. Louis PI Hebert St. and Maiden Lane 

Shaw's Garden Tower Grove and Flora Bl. 

Tower Grove Grand and Arsenal 

Washington Square Twelfth and Market Sts. 

BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. 

American Exchange < 207 N. Broadway 

American Central Trust Co 101 N. Broadway 

Boatmen's N. W. Cor. Fourth and Washington Av. 

Bremen 3600 N. Broadway 

Commonwealth Trust Co N. E. Cor. Broadway and Olive St. 

Fourth National S. E. Cor. Fourth and Olive Sts. 

Franklin 722 N. Fourth St. 

German-American S. W. Cor. Fourth and Franklin Av. 

German Savings Institution S. W. Cor. Fourth and Pine Sts. 

International Bank of St. Louis S. E. Cor. Fourth and Chestnut Sts. 

Jefferson N. W. Cor. Franklin and Jefferson Ave. 

Lafayette N. W. Cor. Broadway and Merchant St. 

Lincoln Trust Company S. W. Cor. Seventh and Chestnut Sts. 

Manchester Bank Chouteau and Manchester Avs. 

Mechanics' National N. E. Cor. Broadway and Locust 

-191- 



Mercantile Trust Company \ T . E. Cor. Eighth and Locust Sts. 

Merchants'- Laclede S. W. Cor. Fourth and Olive Sts. (Laolede Bldg.) 

Mississippi Valley Trust Co N. W Cor Fourth and Fine Sts. 

Missouri Trust Co Seventh and Olive Sts. 

National Bank of Commerce S. E. Cor. Broadway and Olive St. 

Northwestern Savings 1328 N. Market St 

Olive St. Bank Olive St. anil Garrison Av 

St. Louis Union Trust Co N. W. Cor. Fourth and Locust Sts 

South Side Bank of St. Louis 2031 S. Broadway 

Southern C. &S 7203 S. Broadway 

State National Bank of St. Louis Fourth and Locust St 

Title Guaranty Trust Company 711 Chestnut St. 

Third National Bank 417 Olive St. 

Vandeventer Bank 536 N. Vandeventer Av: 

Washington National 1401 Washington A v. 

PRINCIPAL OFFICE BUILDINGS. 

Allen N. W. Cor. Broadway and Market St. 

Bank of Commerce S. E Cor. Broadway and Olive St. 

Benoist Building N. E. Cor. Ninth and Pine Sts 

Board of Education N. W. Cor. Ninth and Locust Sts. 

Boatmen's Bank N. W. Cor. Fourth St. and Washington A v. 

Burlington Olive St., S. side, between Eighth and Ninth Sis 

Bowman 1023 Locust St 

Calumet S. E. Cor. Third and Chestnut Sts 

Carleton N. E. Cor. Sixth and Olive Sts 

Century N. W. Cor. Ninth and Olive Sts. 

Chemical N. E. Cor. Eighth and Olive Sts. 

Colonial Trust N. E. Cor. Broadway and Locust St. 

Columbia S. E. Cor. Eighth and Locust Sts 

Commercial S. E. Cor. Sixth and Olive Sts. 

Commonwealth N. E. Cor. Broadway and Olive St. 

Continental Bank 411 Olive St. 

Cupples Seventh and Spruce Sts. 

DeMenil S. W. Cor. Seventh and Fine Sts. 

DeSoto Fine St., S. side, between Seventh and Fight h Sts. 

Equitable S. W. Cor. Sixth and Locust Sts. 

Frank S. W. Cor. Broadway and Washington A v. 

Fraternal N. W. Cor. Eleventh and Franklin Av- 

Frisco S. W. Cor. Ninth and Olive Sts. 

Fuller ton S. E. Cor. Seventh and Fine Sts. 

Gay N. E. Cor. Third and Fine Sts. 

Globe-Democrat S. W. Cor. Sixth and Fine Sts. 

Granite S. W. Cor. Fourth and Market Sts. 

Holland Seventh St.. W. side, between Fine and Olive Sts. 

Houser N. W. Cor. Broadway and Chestnut St. 

Imperial ! .918 Pine St. 

International Bank S. E. Cor. Fourth and Chestnut Sts. 

Kaiser 417 Fine St. 

Koken 715 Locust St. 

Laclede S. W. Cor. Fourth and Olive Sts. 

Lincoln Trust S. W. Cor. Seventh and Chestnut Sts. 

Linmar S. E. Cor. Washington and Vandeventer A vs. 

Lucas 506 Olive St. 

Merrell N. E. Cor. Fourth and Market Sts. 

Merchants' Exchange W. side Third, Chestnut to Fine Sts. 

Mermod-Jaccard N. W. Cor. Broadway and Locust St. 

Missouri Trust N. W. Cor. Seventh and Olive Sts. 

Missouri Pacific N. W. Cor. Seventh and Market Sts. 

Nolker N. E. Cor. Third and Chestnut Sts. 

Odd Fellows S. E. Cor. Ninth and Olive Sts. 

Olivia Grand and Belle A vs. 

Odeon Grand and Finney A vs. 

Oriel S. E. Cor. Sixth and Locust Sts. 

Ozark 203 N. Tenth St. 

Pozzoni N. E. Cor. Ninth and Chestnut Sts. 

Railway Exchange... N. E. Cor. Fourth and Chestnut Sts. 

Real Estate Chestnut St., S. side, between Sixth and Seventh Sts. 

Republic S. VV. Cor. Seventh anil Olive Sts. 

Rial to S. E. Cor. Fourth and Olive Sts. 

Roe S. W. Cor. Broad wav and Fine St 

Royal Nos. 110-112 N Eighth St. 

Security S. W. Cor. Fourth and Locust Sis 

Star N. W. Cor. Twelfth and Olive Sts 

Sterling N. W. Cor. Seventh and Lucas Av 

Stifel 920 Pine St 

Telephone S. E. Cor Tenth and Olive Sts 

Temple N. W. Cor. Broadway and Walnut St. 

Third National 4 17 Olive St. 

Wainwright N. \V Cor. Seventh and Chestnut Sts 

Wells 509 Olive St 

-192- 



UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES AND SEMINARIES. 

Academy of Arch., Bldg. and Ind. School 1742 Chouteau Av. 

Academy of the Sacred Heart Maryland and Taylor Avs. 

Academy of the Visitation Belt and Academy Avs. 

American Medical College 407 S. Jefferson Av. 

Barnes' Medical College Lawton and Garrison Avs. 

Barnes' Business College Board of Educ. Bldg., Ninth and Locust 

Bryant &Stratton College Century Bldg. 

Bishop Robertson Hall 1617 S. Compton Av. 

Carpenter College of Midwifery 2601 N. Tenth St. 

Christian Brothers' College Easton Av. and Kingshighway 

Concordia Seminary Jefferson A v. and Winnebago St. 

Draughon's Business College • Tenth and Olive Sts. 

Eden Theological College Hunt Av. and St. Charles Rock Rd. 

Forest Park University Clayton and Billon Avs. 

Hay ward's Business College Odd Fellows' Bldg., Ninth and Olive 

Henry Shaw School of Botany Beaumont and Locust Sts. 

Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri Jefferson and Howard 

Hosmer Hall 4296 Washington Av. 

International Correspondence School Ninth and Pine Sts. 

Jones' Commercial College 309 N. Broadway 

Ken rick Roman Cath. Theo. Sem Nineteenth St. and Cass Av. 

Loret to Academy Pine St. and Jefferson A v. 

Manual Training School Eighteenth St. and Washington Av. 

Manual Training School (colored) 2625 Eads Av. 

Marion-Sims Beaumont School of Medicine Caroline St. and Grand 

Mary Institute Lake and McPherson Avs. 

McLean Medical and Surgical Institute 3100 Pine St. 

Missouri Dental College of Washington University 2641 Locust St. 

Missouri School for Blind Nineteenth and Morgan Sts. 

Perkins & Her pel Business College Lincoln Trust Bldg. 

Rebekah Hospital Training School for Nurses 3554 Caroline St. 

Rubicam's Shorthand College Olive St. and Vandeventer Av. 

Self-Culture Free Schools 1832 Carr St. 

Self-Culture Free Schools 1921 S. Ninth St. 

Self-Culture Free Schools 3809 N. Broadway 

School of Fine Arts Nineteenth and Locust Sts. 

Smith Academy Nineteenth St. and Washington A v. 

Southwest Business College 810 Olive St. 

St. deChantel Academy of the Visitation 4012 Washington Av. 

St. Elizabeth Academy 1411 Morgan St. 

St. Elizabeth Institute Arsenal St., near Arkansas Av. 

St. Joseph Academy Kansas St. and Minnesota Av. 

St. Louis College of Midwifery 3614 N. Eleventh St. 

St. Louis College of Pharmacy 2108 Locust St. 

St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons Jefferson and Gamble 

St. Louis Commercial College Grand and Franklin Avs. 

St. Louis Law School of Washington University 1417 Locust St. 

St. Louis Medical School of Washington University 1806 Locust St 

St. Louis Training School for Nurses 1224 Dillon St. 

St. Louis University Grand Ave. and West Pine Boul. 

St. Vincent's Seminary Lucas and Grand Avs. 

Walther College 1021 S. Eighth St. 

Washington University Locust and Beaumont 

Women's Training School 1728 Locust 

HOSPITALS. 

Alexian Brothers' 3933 S. Broadway 

Auxiliary 1001 N. Jefferson Av. 

City Seventeenth. Pine and Chestnut Sts. 

City Female Arsenal St. and Sublette Av. 

Elizabeth 3237 S. Jefferson Av. 

Emergency, Annex to City ^ Fourteenth and O'Fallon Sts. 

Epworth Evangelistic Institute 3019 Bell Av. 

Evangelical Deaconess 4117 West Belle PI. 

Female Infirmary Twenty-second and Morgan Sts. 

Good Samaritan Jefferson Av. and Dayton St. 

Jefferson 2604 Gamble St. 

Jewish 5415Delmar Bl. 

Keeley Institute 2803 Locust 

Lutheran Potomac and Ohio Av. 

Martha Parsons (Children) 3400 School St. 

Mayfield Sanitarium 912 N. Taylor 

Metropolitan 2900 Lawton 

Missouri Baptist Sanitarium 919 N. Taylor Av. 

Missouri Homoeopathic 2719 Lawton 

Missouri Pacific Henrietta and California 

Pius Fourteenth and O'Fallon 

Provident 2701 Morgan 

Quarantine (Small-pox) S. of Jefferson Barracks 

— 193 — 



Rebekali 8564 Caroline St. 

St. Ann's Maternity !H 2 < > Tall on St 

St. Anthony's 3520 Chippewa St. 

St. John's 2828 Locust St. 

St. Louis Baptist 2946 Franklin Av. 

St. Louis Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat 500 N.Jefferson A v. 

St. Louis Children's Adams St. and Jefferson A v. 

St. Louis Mullanphy Bacon and Montgomery Sts. 

St. Louis Polyclinic Jefferson and Lucas A vs. 

St. Louis Surgical 410 N. Jefferson Av 

St. Luke's (Episcopal) 1835 Washington A v. 

St. Mary's Infirmary 1586 I 'a pin St. 

Still A. T. Infirmary H(i3 X. Garrison A v. 

Protestant It'll N. Eighteenth St 

Tuholske's 406 N. Jefferson Av 

United States Marine Miami St. and Marine A v. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 

City Hall (City Offices) Twelfth. Market to Clark Av. 

City Hospital Seventeenth. Pine to Chestnut 

City Dispensary— Central Eleventh and Chestnut 

City Dispensary— N. Branch 3618 N. Broadway 

City Dispensary S. Bianch 35fi2 S. Broadway 

Court House (Circuit Courts, Sheriff, etc.) 

Broadway. Foui th. Chestnut and Pine Sts. 

Federal Building (P. O.. U. S. Courts, etc.) Eighth and Olive 

Federal Building Annex Third and Olive 

Fema'e Hospital Arsenal and Sublette 

Four Courts (Police Headquarters) Twelfth and (lark A v. 

House of Refuge Osage and Virginia A v. 

Insane Asylum Arsenal near Macland A v. 

Merchants' Exchange Third, Pine and Chestnut Sts 

Morgue Twelfth and Spruce 

Poor house Arsenal St. and Da Hon A v. 

Quarantine South of Jefferson liar racks 

Water Works Extreme North End of City 

Workhouse Broadway and Meramec St. 

CEMETERIES. 

Bellefontaine. Broadway, Florissant and Morin Avs. 

Bethania Easton A v., 7 miles w. 

Bethlehem Bittner, near Wabash R. R. 

B'Nai El (Hebrew) .Gravois A v.. 7 miles s. w. 

Bremen Saxon Bellefontaine Road. 6 miles n. 

Calvary Broadway and Calvary A v. 

Central Bon horn me Road. 9 miles w. 

City Arsenal, near Sublette A v 

Concordia (Evangelical Lutheran) Bates St. and Morgan Ford Road 

Crematory *. 3211 Sublette Av. 

Evangelical Friedens Broadway, near Seven Mile House, n. 

Greenwood Hunt and Easton A v. 

Holy Ghost Gravois A v. and Wyoming St. 

Holy Trinity Bircher Road and Florissant A v. 

Mt. Olive (Hebrew) Olive St. Road. 8 miles w. 

Mt. Sheerith (Hebrew) Olive St. Road, 7 miles w. 

National Jefferson Barracks 

New Mt. Sinai, Gravois 8 miles s. 

Oak Hill near Kirk wood 

Odd Fellows' 7108 Minnesota Av. 

Picker Arsenal St.. near Gravois A v. 

New Picker Gravois Av., near River des Peres 

Salem... Natural Bridge Road. 7 miles n. w. 

St. Anne's Natural Bridge Road, 8 miles w. 

St. John's Bellefontaine Road. 9 miles n. 

St. Marcus (Evangelical Luth.) 6638 Gravois A v. 

New St. Marcus (Evangelical Luth.) Gravois A v. and City Limits 

St. Matthews Bates St., near Gravois A v. 

St. Paul (Evangelical) Gravois Av.. near Wilmington Road 

St. Peter's Hunt Road, near Easton A v. 

St. Peter and Paul's Gravois A v.. s. of Loughborough 

Western Evangelical Lutheran Marcus and Ashland Avs. 



— 194 — 




Administration Buildings... 


PAGE. 

04-68 








46 




















Anthropology Building 


74 

74 




74 










Aquatic Display, Philippine 


..141, 142 
74 


Foreign Displays 


74 








... 76 


Arkansas Building 


61 


Associations and Conventions 164 
















118 








...14. 172 


Bands and Bandstands 30, 150, 172 

Bank and Safe Deposit Co 17* 


Board of Directors, Exposition, 176-178 






Bridge and Lagoon 


....29, 30 






BUILDINGS— 




Agriculture 

Anthropology 


....47, 71 

74 

61 




76 




72 


City Hall, St. Louis 


181 

: 78 


Country Club, St. Louis 183 

East Pavilion, Terrace of States 53 

Electricity 31, 38, 43, 43, 78 

Festival Hall S3, 33, 39 


Fisheries ..,..,.,,,,,,..,. 


.15, 70, 89 



PAGE. 

BUILDINGS-Continued. 

Foreign Nations (see under) . . .100 
Forestry, Fish and Game, 49, 82, 146 
Game, Fish and Forestry, 49, 82, 146 

Horticulture 84 

Hoo-Hoo, House of 146 

Indiana 79 

Indian Territory h3 

Industries, Varied 2,38, D6 

Iowa 87 

Kansas 91 

Kentucky 97 

Liberal Arts 37, 38, 85 

Louisiana 99 

Machinery 31, 38, 88 

Machinery Hall 140 

Manufactures 38, 90 

Mines and Metallurgy.... 38. 45, 93 

Mississippi 101 

Missouri 21 

Montana 103 

Pavilion of States, East 53 

Portrait, Statues 39 

Sculptures on Buildings 38 

Terrace of States 36-39 

East Pavilion 53 

Transportation 27-38, 95 

U. S. Government 13, 39, 06 

Bird Cage 17 

Fisheries 15, 70 

Interior Department 68 

Post-office 68 

War and Navy Department.. 68 

Varied Industries 2, 38, 96 

State Buildings and Exhibits, 120-153 

Alabama 120 

Alaska 120, 121 

Arizona 121 

Arkansas 121 

California 122 

Colorado 124 

Connecticut 124 

Dakota, North 127, 134 

Dakota. South 137 

Georgia 124 

Idaho 124 

Illinois 124 

Indiana 1S5 

Indian Territory 136 

Iowa 1S6 

Kansas 126 

Kentucky 1S7 

Louisiana 137 

Maine. . . .• 138 

Maryland 138 

Massachusetts 128 



195 — 



INDEX— Continued. 



PAGE. 

BUILDINGS-Continued. 

Michigan 105, 129 

Minnesota 109 

Mississippi 101, 130 

Missouri 130 

Montana 103, 132 

Nebraska 1 32 

Nevada 117, 132 

New Jersey Ill, 133 

New Mexico 188 

New York 115, 188 

North Carolina 134 

Ohio 119,134 

Oklahoma 117, 136 

Oregon 136 

Pennsylvania 123, 136 

Rhode Island 125, 137 

Tennessee 137 

Texas 138 

Utah 129, 139 

Vermont 139 

Virginia 139 

Washington 131 , 139 

West Virginia 140 

Wisconsin 138, 140 

Wyoming 141 

Special : 

Brazilian Pavilion 149 

British Pavilion 151 

Canadian Pavilion 153 

Ceylon Pavilion 155 

House of Hoo-Hoo 146 

Power Plants 146 

Press 144 

Temple of Fraternity 146 

Travelers' Protective Associa- 
tion 144, 145 

Foreign Nations Buildings: 

Argentine Pavilion 100 

Austrian Pavilion 100 

Belgian Pavilion 104 

Brazilian Pavilion 104, 149 

British Pavilion 106, 151 

Canadian Pavilion 106, 153 

Ceylon Pavilion W6 

Chinese Pavilion 108 

Cuban Pavilion 108 

East Indian Pavilion 109 

French Pavilion 109, 110 

German Pavilion 112 

Holland Pavilion 112 

Italian Pavilion 113, 114 

Japanese Pavilion 114 

Mexican Pavilion 114 

Nicaraguan Pavilion 116, 142 

Siamese Pavilion 116, 117, 144 

Other Nations: 

Australia 118 

Egypt 118 

Morocco 118 

Philippine Encampment 141, 142 

Aquatic Display 141 

Constabulary 142 

Exhibit 140 

Filipino Midgets 143 

Filipino Scouts 143 

Savage Moros 143 

Head Hunters, The 143 

Viscayans, The 143 

Notable Buildings 142 

Plateau of States 120 

Avenues ISO 

Historic Homes 120 

Cab Rates 14 

Cahokia 186 

California Building 72 

Cameras 173 



PAGE. 

Canadian Pavilion 100, 168 

Cars, Street 14 

Cascades 32 

and Festival Hall 23 

Effects 44 

Main 88 

Pavilions 33 

Side 39 

"Ceramics" 40 

Ceylon Pavilion H»i 

Chinese Pavilion li« 

Classification of Exhibits 00-64 

Agriculture 63 

Anthropology M 

Education 60 

Electricity 62 

Fine Arts 60 

Fish and Game M 

Forestry 64 

Game, Fish and Forestry 64 

Horticulture H 

Liberal Arts OB 

Live Stock 63 

Machinery 62 

Manufactures 08 

Mines and Metallurgy 64 

Physical Culture 64 

Social Economy 64 

Transportation 62 

Clock, Floral 54 

Colors 173 

Commissioners of States, Territo- 
ries and Insular Possessions 

182, 183 

Committees, Exposition 178, 179 

Congress, International 15) 150 

Congresses, International, Dates 

156, 157 

Connecticut Building 78 

Constabulary, Philippine 142 

Conventions, Days 158-160 

Conveyances: 

Electric Roads 16 

Intramural Railway 24 

Olive Street Lines 16 

Other Lines 19 

Other Modes of Travel 19 

Railroads 16 

Suburban System 19 

Washington Avenue Lines 19 

Corn Exhibit 73 

Cost of Exposition 10 

Cotton Exhibit 73 

Cuban Pavilion 108 

"Cupids and Fish" 93 

Customhouse and Post-office 166 

Dairy Products 73 

Dates of Congresses 156, 157 

Days, Convention 158-160 

Fraternal Organizations 158 

Municipalities 158 

Special 157 

State 157 

"Defiant Indian" 65 

"De Soto" 25 

Director of the Exposition 18 

1 tomes, Largest 33 

Dress 173 

Drills and Evolutions 160 

Eads Bridge, The 171 

East Court, Statuary 44 

East Indian Pavilion 109 

East Launch Landing 44 

East Pavilion, Terrace of States. . . 53 

East Side Places 186 

Egypt 118 

196 — 



INDEX— Continued. 



PAGE. 

Education Building 38,43, 76, 77 

Architecture 77 

Exhibits 77 

Location and Environment 77 

Sculpture 77 

Electrical Illumination 44 

Grounds Illumination 4(5 

Lamps 44 

Electricity Building... .31, 38, 42, 43, 76 

Architecture 78 

Exhibits 80 

Electric Lights 58 

Electric Roads 16 

Encampments 160 

Family Reunion Days 162 

Patriotic Days 162 

Engine, Solar 60 

Equestrian Statues 30 

Excursions, River 188 

Executive Divisions, Exposition. . .179 
Exhibits, Classification of: 

Agriculture 63 

Anthropology 64 

Education 60 

Electricity 62 

Fine Arts 60 

Fish and Game 64 

Forestry 64 

Game, Fish and Forestry 64 

Horticulture 64 

Liberal Arts 62 

Live Stock 63 

Machinery 62 

Manufactures 62 

Mines and Metallurgy 64 

Physical Culture 64 

Social Economy 64 

Transportation 62 

Exposition: 

Admissions 14 

Baggage and Bus 14 

Director of Exploitation 18 

Electric Roads 16 

Entrance to Ground 20 

Hotel Prices 14 

How to Get There 16 

How to Start Right 12 

Information 14 

Location of the Fair 16 

Olive Street Lines 16 

Other Lines 19 

Other Modes of Travel 19 

Railroads 16 

Railroad Tickets 12 

Register 14 

Rooms 12 

Street Cars 14 

Suburban System 19 

Washington Avenue Lines 19 

What to Do 12 

Express Offices 173 

Fair: 

How to Get There 16 

How to See. . 20 

Best Points of View 22 

Other Observation Points 22 

Foreign Buildings 22 

Intramural Railway 24 

Itineraries 24 

Landings, The 28 

Location of 16 

Main Picture 22 

Plan of Grounds 28 

Sunken Gardens 28 

Family Reunion Days .162 

Festival Hall 23, 30, 33, 39 

Fine Arts Hall 163 



PAGE. 

Fine Arts Building 41, 81 

Architecture 81 

Exhibits 81 

Pavilion 82 

Sculpture 81 

Firearms Collection 58 

Fisheries Building 15,70, 89 

" Flight of Time" 69 

Floral Clock 54 

Foreign Buildings 22 

Foreign Commissioners 180 

Foreign Displays Architectural Im- 
plements 74 

Foreign Nations Building 100 

Forest Park, Lindell Avenue En- 
trance 167 

Forestry, Fish and Game Building 

49, 82, 146 

Architecture 82 

Exhibits 82 

Francis, David R 4 

Residence 159 

Fraternal Organizations Days 158 

French Pavilion 109, 110 

"Fountain of Venus" 121 

Garden: 

Rose 56 

School 60 

Sunken 56 

Gardens and Cascades 32 

German Pavilion 112 

"Gothic Art" 102 

"Grace and Strength" 67 

Grand Basin, View from 59 

Greve Coeur Lake 186 

Grotto, The 36 

Grounds, Plan of the 28 

Grounds, Sculptures on 38 

Illumination 46 

Guides 173 

Head Hunters, Filipino 143 

Heads of Divisions, Exposition ... .176 

Holland Pavilion 112 

Hoo-Hoo, House of 146 

Horticulture Building 84 

Architecture 84 

Cold Storage'Plant 85 

Rose Garden 85 

Table 84 

Tropical Plants 85 

Hotel Prices 14 

Hotels, Principal 166, 168, 169, 170 

How to See the Fair 20 

How to Start Right 12 

Indiana Building 79 

Indian Territory Building 83 

Industries, Varied, Building.. 2, 38, 96 

Architecture 98 

Exhibit 98 

Sculpture 98 

Information 14 

Information in Brief 172-183 

Admission Fee 172 

Area 172 

Baggage and Bus 172 

Bands and Bandstands 172 

Bank and Safe Deposit Co 172 

Boats 172 

Cameras 173 

Colors 173 

Dress 173 



197- 



INDEX— Continued. 



PAGE. 

Exposition, The: 

Board of Directors 176-178 

Commissioners of States, Ter- 
ritories and Insular Posses- 
sions 183, 188 

Committees 178, 1 7!) 

Executive Divisions 170 

Foreign Commissioners 180, )82 

Heads of Divisions 17(5 

Lady Managers, Board of 179 

Organization of 176 

U. S. Commissioners 17!) 

U. S. Government Board 180 

Vice-President and Officers 176 

Express Offices 173 

Guides 17:1 

Intramural Road 173 

Lost and Found Articles 173 

Lunch Boxes and Baskets 173 

Medical Attention 173 

Packages 173 

Post-office 174 

Railroad Rates 174 

Railroad Ticket Office 174 

Restaurants 174 

Rooms and Board 174 

Smoking 174 

Stadium, The 174 

Souvenir Coins 174 

Stamps , 174 

Staff 174 

Telegraph and Telephone Sta- 
tion 176 

Toilet Rooms 176 

Vehicles 176 

International Congresses. .154, 155, 156 

Dates of Congresses 156, 157 

Intramural Railway 24, 173 

Iowa Building 87 

Italian Pavilion 113, 114 

Itineraries (Fair): 

Daily 24 

Two Days 24 

Four-Days' Trip 25 

Six-Days' Visit 26 

Ten Days at the Fair 26 

Japanese Pavilion 114 

Jefferson Barracks 163 

Jefferson, Thomas 8 

Jubilee Gifts, Queen Victoria 51 

Kansas Building 91 

Exhibits 92 

Kentucky Building 97 

Lady Managers, Board of 48 

Lagoon : 

and Bridge 29 

Looking East 55 

Looking West 57 

Landings at Fair 28 

Launch: 

East Landing 44 

Main Landing 44 

West Landing 44 

Liberal Arts Building 37, 38, 85 

Architecture 86 

Exhibits 86 

Sculpture 86 

Life-Saving Service 58 

Lindell Avenue Entrance to Forest 

Park 167 

Livingston, Robert 74 

Location of the Fair 16 

Lost and Found Articles 173 

Louisiana Building 99 



PAGE. 

Louisiana Purchase 7 

Document 8 

Jefferson, Thomas 8 

Monroe's Mission H 

Monument 8, 82, II 

Territory 8 

Louisiana Purchase Exposition.... 7 

Breaking Ground for 9 

Cost of 10 

History of Celebration 8 

Incorporation of 8 

McKinley's Proclamation 10 

National Commission 11 

Organization Perfected 10 

Story of the 7 

Louisiana Purchase Exposition 176-18/1 

Board of Directors 176 178 

Commissioners of States, Terri- 
tories and Insular Possessions 

188, 188 

Committees 178, 179 

Executive Divisions 179 

Heads of Divisions 178 

Lady Managers, Board of 179 

Organization of .176 

U. S. Commissioners 179 

U. S. Government Board ISO 

Vice-President and Officers 176 

Louisiana Territory 8 

Jefferson, Thomas, and the 8 

Monroe's Mission 7 

Purchase Document 8 

Lunch Boxes and Baskets 173 

Machinery Building 31,38, 88 

Architecture 88 

Exhibits 89 

Sculpture 88 

Machinery Hall 146 

Main Avenue, Statuary 44 

Main Launch Landing 44 

Mammoth Organ 38 

Manufactures Building 38, 90 

Architecture 90 

Sculpture 90 

"Manufactures, Progress of" 03 

McKinley's Proclamation 10 

Medical Attention 173 

Meramec Highlands )N> 

Mexican Pavilion 1)4 

Midgets, Filipino 143 

Military Dates Unfixed 162 

Military Encampments, etc 160 

Army Veterans 161 

Drills and Evolutions 160 

Military Dates Unfixed 102 

Military Schools 101 

Patriotic Days 162 

Semi-Military Organizations 161 

West Point Cadets 161 

Military Schools 161 

Mines and Metallurgy Building 

38,45,92, 93 

Architecture 98 

Exhibits 93 

Gulch 94 

Sculpture 92 

Mission 21 

Mississippi Building 101 

Missouri Building 21 

Model Street and City 54 

Monroe's, James, Mission 7 

Montana Building 103 

Monument, Louisiana Purchase 

6, 88, H 

Morocco 1)8 

Moros, Savage Filipino 143 

Municipalities, Days for 158 



— 198 — 



INDEX— Continued. 



PAGE. 

Music at Fair 150 

Bandstands 30, 172 

Organists 152 

National Commission 11 

Nevada Building 117 

Nicaraguan Pavilion 116, 142 

Notable Features 54 

Electric Lights 58 

Firearms Collection 58 

Floral Clock 54 

Grand Pipe Organ 58 

Life-Saving Service 58 

Model Street and Model City 54 

Plant Map of the United States.. 56 

Rose Garden 56 

School Garden 60 

Solar Engine 60 

Statue of Vulcan 56 

Sulphur Statue 60 

Sunken Garden 56 

Wireless Telegraph 60 

Observation Points (Fair) 22 

Official Home, Woman's 48 

Ohio Building 119 

Oklahoma Building 117 

Olive Street Lines 16 

Olympic Events 152, 154 

Organ, Mammoth 33 

Pipe, Grand 58 

Organists at Fair 152 

Organization of the Exposition 176 

Packages 173 

Patriotic Days 162 

Pavilion and Terrace of the States, 

East 53 

Pavilion of States, East 53 

^ Peace" 107 

Pennsvlvania Building 123 

Philippine Exhibit 68 

Physical Culture Exhibit 94 

Gymnasium 94 

Olympic Games 95 

Stadium 95 

"Physical Liberty" 148 

Pike, The 147, 148 

Admissions to 148 

Pipe-Organ, Grand 58 

Plan of the Grounds 28 

Plant Map of the United States. ... 56 

Plateau of States 120 

Avenues 120 

H istoric Homes 120 

Plaza of St. Louis 44 

Porto Rico 144 

Portrait Statues 30 

Portrait Statues Building 39 

Post-office and Customhouse 167 

Post-office ( Fair) 174 

"Progress of Manufactures" 63 

Railroads 16 

Railroad Rates 174 

Railroad Ticket Office (Fair) 174 

Railroad Tickets 12 

Register 14 

Restaurants 174 

Rhode Island Building 125 

River Excursions 188 

Rooms 12 

Rooms and Board 174 

Rose Garden 60 

School Garden 60 

Scouts, Filipino 143 



PAGE. 
Sculpture on Buildings and 

Grounds 38 

Secretary of Exposition 18 

Semi-Military Organizations 161 

Siamese Pavilion 116, 117, 144 

Smoking 174 

Solar Engine 60 

Souvenir Coins 174 

Stamps 174 

Special Days 157 

Events 165 

"Spirit of the Atlantic" 50 

Stadium, The 152, 174 

Staff 174 

State Days 157 

Statuary: 

"Apollo and the Muses" 113 

"Apotheosis of St. Louis" 41 

"Buffalo Dance" 140 

By Women 51 

"Ceramics" 40 

"Cupids and Fish" 93 

"De Soto" 25 

"Defiant Indian" 65 

"Flight of Time" 69 

"Fountain of Venus" 121 

Gothic Art 102 

"Grace and Strength" 67 

"Manufactures, Progress of" .... 63 

"Peace" 107 

"Physical Liberty" 148 

"Progress of Manufactures" 63 

"Spirit of the Atlantic" 50 

"Victory" (Tonetti) 34 

"Victory" (Longman) 35 

Equestrian Statues 30 

Portrait Statues 30 

Sculpture on Buildings 38 

Statues, Equestrian 30 

Portrait 30 

St. Louis 184 

St. Louis 184-192 

Birch Drive, Forest Park 185 

Cahokia 186 

Cab Rates, Legal 188 

City Hall 181 

Country Club 183 

Custom House 166 

Eads Bridge, The. 171 

East Side Places 186 

Fine Arts Hall..., 163 

Greve Coeur Lake 186 

Jefferson Barracks 186 

Kingsbury Boulevard Entrance, 177 
Lindell Avenue Entrance, Forest 

Park 167 

Meramec Highlands 186 

Post-office 166 

River Excursions 188 

Statues 184 

Suburban Towns 186 

Vandeventer Place 175 

Water Towers and Water Worksl84 
Where to Find What You Want.. 188 

Zoological Gardens 186 

St. Louis Plaza 44 

Stevens, Walter B 18, 176 

Street Cars 14 

Suburban Towns 186 

Sulphur Statue. 60 

Sunken Garden 56 

Telegraph and Telephone Station, 176 

Telegraph, Wireless 60 

Terrace of States 36 

Terrace of States 36, 39 

East Pavilion 53 

Third Olympiad .152 



199 



INDEX— Continuea. 



PAGE. 

Tobacco Exhibit... 73 

Toilet Rooms 176 

Transportation Building 27, 38.95 

Architecture 95 

Exhibit 96 

Sculpture 95 

United States Commissioners 179 

U. S. Government Board 180 

U. S. Government Building.... G6 

Architecture 66 

Interior 66 

U. S. Government Buildings. .13, 39, 66 

Agriculture 68 

Bird Cage 17 

Fisheries 15, 70 

Government Fisheries 70 

Interior Department 68 

Post-office Department 68 

War and Navy Department (>8 

U. S. Naval Exhibit 70 

"The Olympia" 70 

Dry Dock 70 

Naval Academy 71 

Biograph Views 71 

Marine Corps 71 

Vandeventer Place, Scene in 175 



PAGE. 

Varied Industries Buildinp ..2, 38, 96 

Architecture 98 

Exhibit 98 

Sculpture 98 

Vatican Treasures 54 

Vehicles 176 

Vice-President and Officers, Expo- 
sition 176 

Victoria, Queen, Jubilee Gifts 51 

Location of 51 

Caskets, Wood and Ivory 51 

"Victory" (Longman) 35 

"Victory" (Tonetti) 34 

Viscayans, Filipino 143 

Vulcan, Statue of 56 

Water Towers and Water Works, 

St. Louis 184 

West Court, Statuary 44 

West Launch Landing 44 

West Point Cadets 161 

What To Do IS 

Wireless Telegraph 60 

Woman's Work at the Fair 46 

Board of Ladv Managers 48 

Official Home 48 

Statuary by 51 

Zoological Gardens, St. Louis 186 






200 




INDEX TO LOCATION ON MAP. 



Garbage Cremafy.D12 Win-loss Tek-g D( 



